Table 2.
Results of network meta-analysis of pain relief, without covariates, and additionally with adjustment for follow-up period, trial publication year, and number of sessions, with meta-regression. Figures are standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% credible intervals and probability for cumulative ranking with surface under cumulative ranking (SUCRA)
| No adjustment | Covariates adjusted | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SMD (95% CrI) | Prob (SUCRA) | SMD (95% CrI) | Prob (SUCRA) | ||
| Lower limb (knee, hips or multiple joints) | |||||
| No intervention control | Reference | 11 | Reference | 12.2 | |
| Flexibility | −0.66 (−1.33 to −0.00) | 61.4 | −0.62 (−1.31 to 0.07) | 61.2 | |
| Strengthening | −0.81 (−1.13 to −0.50) | 76.3 | −0.74 (−1.09 to −0.39) | 73.4 | |
| Aerobic | −0.41 (−1.13 to 0.30) | 42.3 | −0.33 (−1.08 to 0.40) | 39.3 | |
| Flexibility+strengthening | −0.50 (−0.85 to −0.16) | 47.6 | −0.45 (−0.84 to −0.06) | 45.7 | |
| Flexibility+aerobic | −0.26 (−1.00 to 0.47) | 32.3 | −0.22 (−1.00 to 0.56) | 31.7 | |
| Strengthening+aerobic | −0.13 (−0.88 to 0.61) | 24.2 | −0.26 (−1.07 to 0.56) | 34.4 | |
| Combined | −0.69 (−1.04 to −0.35) | 65.9 | −0.64 (−1.04 to −0.26) | 64.9 | |
| Aquatic: | |||||
| Strengthening | −0.75 (−1.42 to −0.07) | 67.6 | −0.68 (−1.38 to 0.02) | 65.1 | |
| Flexibility+strengthening | −0.96 (−1.64 to −0.27) | 81.3 | −0.91 (−1.62 to −0.21) | 80.9 | |
| Flexibility+aerobic | −0.07 (-0.98 to 0.83) | 22.7 | 0.01 (−0.95 to 0.97) | 19.8 | |
| Strengthening+aerobic | −0.92 (−2.08 to 0.25) | 72.9 | −0.87 (−2.05 to 0.31) | 72.2 | |
| Combined | −0.45 (−1.02 to 0.11) | 44.5 | −0.47 (−1.09 to 0.14) | 49.1 | |
| Follow-up period* | — | — | −0.001 (−0.009 to 0.007) | — | |
| Publication year† | — | — | −0.011 (−0.048 to 0.025) | — | |
| No of sessions‡ | — | — | 0.003 (−0.002 to 0.009) | — | |
| Knee only | |||||
| No intervention control | Reference | 11.9 | Reference | 12.6 | |
| Flexibility | −0.74 (−1.48 to −0.00) | 57.3 | −0.70 (−1.50 to 0.09) | 57.1 | |
| Strengthening | −0.94 (−1.31 to −0.57) | 72.8 | −0.88 (−1.31 to −0.46) | 71.2 | |
| Aerobic | −0.43 (−1.22 to 0.35) | 38.4 | −0.38 (−1.22 to 0.46) | 37.2 | |
| Flexibility+strengthening | −0.63 (−1.13 to −0.12) | 49.0 | −0.54 (−1.12 to 0.04) | 45.6 | |
| Flexibility+aerobic | −0.33 (−1.17 to 0.50) | 32.7 | −0.30 (−1.22 to 0.60) | 33.1 | |
| Strengthening+aerobic | 0.02 (−0.99 to 1.02) | 17.5 | −0.16 (−1.42 to 1.11) | 28.9 | |
| Combined | −0.79 (−1.21 to −0.38) | 61.5 | −0.74 (−1.23 to −0.25) | 60.3 | |
| Aquatic: | |||||
| Strengthening | — | — | — | — | |
| Flexibility+strengthening | −1.25 (-2.39 to −0.11) | 81.0 | −1.17 (−2.38 to 0.04) | 78.6 | |
| Flexibility+aerobic | −0.42 (−1.76 to 0.92) | 40.3 | −0.39 (−1.80 to 1.03) | 40.3 | |
| Strengthening+aerobic | −0.97 (−2.25 to 0.32) | 67.0 | −0.92 (−2.26 to 0.43) | 66.0 | |
| Combined | −1.04 (−2.33 to 0.24) | 70.6 | −0.99 (−2.33 to 0.35) | 69.2 | |
| Follow-up period* | — | — | −0.00 (−0.010 to 0.010) | — | |
| Publication year** | — | — | −0.011 (−0.054 to 0.033) | — | |
| No of sessions*** | — | — | 0.002 (−0.005 to 0.010) | — | |
*Follow-up period (in weeks) centred at mean value (28.7 weeks).
†Publication year centred at 2000.
‡No of sessions centred at mean value (29.8 sessions).