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. 2013 Sep 20;8(9):e73900. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073900

Figure 8. A model for the formation of EV71 replication centers in U251 cells.

Figure 8

1. EV71 virions enter the cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis. 2. The virus is uncoated and the viral genome is released to the cytoplasm. 3. Genomic RNA is first translated to produce the viral polyprotein. 3. The polyprotein is then processed to produce the various precursors and processed proteins that are needed for EV71 replication. 4. The synthesized virus VP1 protein mediates the phosphorylation of CaMK-II at Thr286 and resulting in CaMK-II activation. 5. The activated CaMK-II phosphorylates vimentin filaments at Ser82 and causes vimentin filaments to disassemble. 6. The VP1 combines with the disassembled vimentin and are transported to the perinuclear region and initiate replication center formation. The replication centers provide a scaffold for viral genome synthesis. Newly synthesized RNA enters either the translation-replication cycle or the virus particle assembly step. Mitochondria are recruited to near the replication centers to provide energy that is needed for viral genome synthesis. During infection, other virus structural proteins are carried by hypothetical virus carrier proteins along microtubules to the replication centers to facilitate further assembly.