Figure 1. Disease development of bacterial wilt and growth of Ralstonia solanacearum in DS1 plants.

Control and DS1 plant leaves infiltrated with R. solanacearum. (A) Characteristic symptoms in control and DS1 plants. Photograph was taken 12 days after inoculation with R. solanacearum. (B) Disease development of bacterial wilt was rated daily on a 0–4 disease index in control (open squares) or DS1 (solid squares) plants. Asterisks denote values significantly different from those of control plants (*; P < 0.05, t-test). (C) Control and DS1 plant leaves infiltrated with R. solanacearum (10⁸ CFU/ml). Bacterial population was determined by plating at specified time points. Values are means of four replicate experiments with SD. Asterisks denote values significantly different from those of empty PVX controls (*; P < 0.05, t-test). (D) Total RNA was isolated from N. benthamiana leaves inoculated with water, R. solanacearum strain (RsOE1-1), strain 8107 (Rs8107), and hrp-deficient mutant of R. solanacearum OE1-1 (RsOE1-1ΔY). Transcript levels of DS1 were estimated by qRT-PCR. Values represent mean ± SD from triplicate experiments. Asterisks denote values significantly different from those of water-inoculated controls (*; P < 0.05, t-test).