Table 2.
Summary Statistics of Regressors1
|
Modality
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Full Sample
|
Methadone
|
Drug Free
|
||||
| Variable Name | Definition | N = 6,013 | MC = 0 N = 378 |
MC = 1 N = 232 |
MC = 0 N = 2,198 |
MC = 1 N = 3,205 |
| MC | 0-1 dummy variable, = 1 if facility has agreements or contracts with managed care organizations to provide substance abuse treatment services |
0.57 (0.49) |
0 (0) |
1 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (0) |
| Methadone | 0-1 dummy variable, = 1 if facility dispenses methadone | 0.10 (0.30) |
1 (0) |
1 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
| Control: Private & for profit | 0-1 dummy variable, = 1 if facility is operated by a private for-profit organization |
0.35 (0.48) |
0.56 (0.50) |
0.35 (0.48) |
0.37 (0.48) |
0.31 (0.46) |
| Control: Private & nonprofit | 0-1 dummy variable, = 1 if facility is operated by a private nonprofit organization |
0.54 (0.50) |
0.33 (0.47) |
0.54 (0.50) |
0.48 (0.50) |
0.59 (0.49) |
| Control: Public | 0-1 dummy variable, = 1 if facility is operated by a public organization |
0.11 (0.32) |
0.11 (0.31) |
0.11 (0.31) |
0.15 (0.36) |
0.09 (0.29) |
| Focus: substance abuse | 0-1 dummy variable, = 1 if primary focus of facility is substance abuse treatment services |
0.67 (0.47) |
0.96 (0.19) |
0.92 (0.27) |
0.71 (0.45) |
0.58 (0.49) |
| Focus: mental health & substance abuse |
0-1 dummy variable, = 1 if focus of facility is a mix of mental health and substance abuse treatment services |
0.33 (0.47) |
0.04 (0.19) |
0.08 (0.27) |
0.29 (0.45) |
0.42 (0.49) |
| Hospital | 0-1 dummy variable, = 1 if facility is located in, or operated by, a hospital |
0.09 (0.29) |
0.15 (0.36) |
0.16 (0.36) |
0.03 (0.18) |
0.12 (0.33) |
| Solo practice | 0-1 dummy variable, = 1 if facility is a private solo practice |
0.08 (0.27) |
0.12 (0.33) |
0.01 (0.11) |
0.12 (0.32) |
0.05 (0.23) |
| Halfway house | 0-1 dummy variable, = 1 if facility operates a halfway house for substance abuse clients |
0.06 (0.24) |
0.01 (0.05) |
0.04 (0.19) |
0.04 (0.20) |
0.08 (0.27) |
| Regfda2 | 0-1 dummy variable, = 1 if facility operates a narcotic treatment program regulated by the FDA |
0.97 (0.17) |
0.97 (0.17) |
0.97 (0.17) |
N/A | N/A |
| Accredited | 0-1 dummy variable, = 1 if facility is accredited by JCAHO, CARF or NCQA |
0.28 (0.45) |
0.30 (0.46) |
0.42 (0.49) |
0.15 (0.36) |
0.35 (0.48) |
| Licensed by state | 0-1 dummy variable, = 1 if facility is licensed by a state substance abuse agency |
0.93 (0.26) |
0.97 (0.18) |
0.97 (0.16) |
0.88 (0.32) |
0.95 (0.23) |
| Admissions (log) | Size of facility, measured by log of annual admissions | 4.90 (1.15) |
5.04 (1.06) |
5.18 (1.05) |
4.75 (1.19) |
4.96 (1.13) |
| Accepts cash or self-payment | 0-1 dummy variable, = 1 if facility accepts cash or self- payment for substance abuse treatment |
0.96 (0.21) |
0.99 (0.11) |
0.99 (0.09) |
0.90 (0.30) |
0.99 (0.11) |
| Accepts private health insurance |
0-1 dummy variable, = 1 if facility accepts private health insurance for substance abuse treatment |
0.74 (0.44) |
0.39 (0.49) |
0.72 (0.45) |
0.53 (0.50) |
0.93 (0.25) |
| Accepts Medicaid | 0-1 dummy variable, = 1 if facility accepts Medicaid for substance abuse treatment |
0.57 (0.49) |
0.52 (0.50) |
0.89 (0.32) |
0.37 (0.48) |
0.70 (0.46) |
| Accepts Medicare | 0-1 dummy variable, = 1 if facility accepts Medicare for substance abuse treatment |
0.36 (0.48) |
0.21 (0.41) |
0.43 (0.50) |
0.22 (0.41) |
0.48 (0.50) |
| Accepts state-financed health insurance |
0-1 dummy variable, = 1 if facility accepts state- financed health insurance for substance abuse treatment |
0.39 (0.49) |
0.10 (0.30) |
0.41 (0.49) |
0.22 (0.42) |
0.53 (0.50) |
| Receives public funds (not Medicare, Medicaid) |
0-1 dummy variable, = 1 if facility receives public funds (not Medicare or Medicaid) for substance abuse treatment |
0.65 (0.48) |
0.48 (0.50) |
0.72 (0.45) |
0.64 (0.48) |
0.67 (0.47) |
| Offers payment assistance | 0-1 dummy variable, = 1 if facility offers payment assistance for clients receiving substance abuse treatment |
0.84 (0.37) |
0.62 (0.49) |
0.83 (0.38) |
0.81 (0.40) |
0.89 (0.31) |
| Region: Northeast | 0-1 dummy variable, = 1 if facility is located in CT, MA, ME, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, or VT |
0.24 (0.42) |
0.25 (0.43) |
0.49 (0.50) |
0.13 (0.33) |
0.29 (0.45) |
| Region: South | 0-1 dummy variable, = 1 if facility is located in AL, AR, DE, DC, FL, GA, KY, LA, MD, MS, NC, OK, SC, TN, TX, VA, or WV |
0.27 (0.45) |
0.33 (0.47) |
0.21 (0.41) |
0.34 (0.48) |
0.22 (0.42) |
| Region: Midwest | 0-1 dummy variable, = 1 if facility is located in IL, IN, IA, KS, MI, MN, MO, NB, ND, OH, SD, or WI |
0.26 (0.44) |
0.15 (0.36) |
0.15 (0.36) |
0.22 (0.41) |
0.30 (0.46) |
| Region: West | 0-1 dummy variable, = 1 if facility is located in AK, AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, MT, NV, NM, OR, UT, WA, or WY |
0.23 (0.42) |
0.27 (0.44) |
0.15 (0.35) |
0.31 (0.46) |
0.18 (0.39) |
| Metropolitan area | 0-1 dummy variable, = 1 if facility is located within a metropolitan area |
0.75 (0.43) |
0.98 (0.15) |
0.94 (0.23) |
0.77 (0.42) |
0.70 (0.46) |
| Population density – county (log) | Log of the number of people in the county per square mile |
6.01 (2.00) |
7.30 (1.90) |
7.40 (1.64) |
5.96 (2.00) |
5.79 (1.94) |
| Population – county (log) | Log of the county population | 12.52 (1.67) |
13.67 (1.22) |
13.49 (1.04) |
12.57 (1.72) |
12.29 (1.64) |
| Competition – county | Herfindahl Index in the county | 0.28 (0.29) |
0.14 (0.15) |
0.12 (0.14) |
0.28 (0.29) |
0.31 (0.31) |
| Medicare MC enrollees – county (log) | Log of Medicare managed care enrollees in the county |
7.73 (3.30) |
9.50 (2.46) |
9.69 (1.81) |
7.78 (3.37) |
7.34 (3.29) |
| HMO enrollees – county (log) | Log of HMO enrollees in the county | 10.60 (3.09) |
12.18 (2.12) |
12.36 (1.42) |
10.53 (3.34) |
10.33 (3.00) |
1
Summary statistics are sample means with standard deviations in parentheses.
2
Applicable only to those facilities that dispense methadone.