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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mater Sci Eng R Rep. 2013 Mar;74(3):35–69. doi: 10.1016/j.mser.2013.03.001

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Representative IONPs surface modification methods. (a) Ligand exchange; (b) ligand addition; (c) silica coating. Reproduced by permission from ref. [134], [140], and [145].