FIGURE 1.

Loss of SK1 significantly enhances RANTES induction. A, HeLa cells were treated with 20 nm Astar or SK1 siRNA for 48 h, and SK1 mRNA levels were assessed by qRT-PCR (n = 3). B, HeLa cells were treated with 20 nm Astar or SK1 siRNA for 48 h and treated with vehicle (PBS) or TNF (20 ng/ml) for 24 h, and the levels of RANTES mRNA were assessed by qRT-PCR. The data represent means ± S.E. from six independent experiments. C, HeLa cells were treated with 20 nm Astar or SK1 siRNA for 48 h and treated with vehicle (PBS) or TNF (20 ng/ml) for 24 h in serum-free media, and RANTES levels in the media were analyzed by ELISA. The data represent means ± S.E. of two independent experiments performed in duplicate. **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.