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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Sep 23.
Published in final edited form as: Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012 Dec 4;36(3):217–231. doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2012.10.006

Table 1. Reported human clinical toxoplasmosis associated with oocysts in the environment.

Reporting period Location Predominant habitat type Implicated source Cases Reference
1972 Panama Rain forest River 32 [176]
1977 Georgia, USA Horse stable Soil 37 [177]
1980 Alabama, USA Urban Soil 10 [178]
1995 Victoria, Canada Urban Municipal water supply 100 (3000–7000 suspected) [179]
1995–2002 French Guiana Rain forest Unknown 16 [169]
2001–2002 Santa Isabel do Ivai, Brazil Urban Municipal water supply 426 [180]
2004–2005 Lublin, Poland Farm Well water 1 clinical (24 exposed) [181]
2004–2005 Coimbatore City, India Urban Municipal drinking supply 248 [182,183]
1998–2006 French Guiana Rain forest Surface water 44 [169, 170, 184, 185]