Table 2. Epidemiological investigations linking Toxoplasma gondii infection with environmental exposure to oocysts.
| Reporting period | Location | Implicated source | No. infected (percent of tested) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1985 | Ciego de Avila, Cuba | Non potable water | 284(55.9) | [186] |
| 1995 | Grenada, West Indies | Soil or water | 305(57) | [187] |
| 1997–1999 | Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil | Unfiltered water | 823(57.3) | [188] |
| 2001 | Iauareté, Brazil | Unfiltered water | 191 (73.5) | [189] |
| 2002 | Rondonia, Brazil | Well or river water | 195(73.3) | [189] |
| 2003 | Cascavel, Brazil | Homemade ice | 161 (69.7) | [190] |
| 2003 | Guatamala | Well water | 215(43) | [191] |
| 2003–2004 | Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe | Unboiled water | 375(75.2) | [192] |
| 2004 | Aydin, Turkey | Non bottled water | 185(30.1) | [193] |
| 2004 | Nunavik, Canada | Municipal and environmental waters | 548(59.8) | [194] |
| 2005 | Fortaleza, Brazil | Homemade ice | 666(69.1) | [195] |
| 2005 | Salvador, Brazil | Non-treated piped water | 213(17.5) | [24] |
| 2009–2010 | Thailand | Pipe, tap, or rain water | 181 (28.3) | [196] |