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. 2013 Sep 23;4:377. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00377

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Copyright © 2013 Mondragón-Palomino.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Wild type and peloric orchids in evo-devo and genomics. (A) Orchid perianth. The color coding indicates distinct organ identities. (B) Reproductive organs. The 180° turn of the pedicel (resupination) together with the opposing position of labellum and stamen enable pollinator attraction as well as precise pollinia removal and placement. (C) Perianth and pistils characters gained and lost along the evolution of Orchidaceae from an ancestor with actinomorphic perianth of identical organs and six stamens. Pauridia and Hypoxis are outgroups. Modified from (Rudall and Bateman, 2002). (D) The “orchid code” model associates the phylogenetic relationships of class B DEFICIENS-like genes with their differential expression in the perianth and their association to perianth organ identity specification. For example, a higher expression of clade 3 and clade 4 genes is associated to the development of the labellum (red-coded tepal in A). (E) Wild-type Calochilus robertsonii, (F) type A peloric Calochilus robertsonii, (G) type B peloric Calochilus robertsonii is recognized as species Chalochilus imberbis, (H) peloric and wild type (inset) Habenaria radiata, (I) Type A peloric and wild-type Phalaenopsis hyb. “Athens” (inset), (J) Multitepal mutant and wild-type Cymbidium ensifolum (inset), (K) Glyp mutant and wild-type Phalaenopsis “CD” (inset), (L) Flower of Erycina pusilla, (M) Flowers of Neofinetia falcata wild-type and Golden Star type B mutant.