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. 2013 Sep 23;7:172. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00172

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Copyright © 2013 Sakurada, Kawase, Takano, Komatsu and Kansaku.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Delay in initiation of BOTAS movement. (A) Mean delay from initiation of fixating on the LED flicker to driving BOTAS. These results were calculated based on correct trials. The delay was of slightly longer duration when the LED was attached to the participant's wrist. Error bars indicate SE across participants. (B) SSVEP detection rate after fixation on the LED flicker (i.e., phases B and D). The results indicated by solid and dotted lines represent data calculated from correct trials and all trials, respectively. The BOTAS system began to detect SSVEP 2 s after initiation of fixating on the LED flicker. Participants successfully initiated grasping or reaching motions within 5 s in more than 85% of all trials.