Table 3. In vivo PDT studies reported on nanoparticle-based photosensitizer formulations.
| Photosensitizer | NP Vehicle | Targeting Motif | Cell Type | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Porphyrin derivatives (hematoporphyrin, porfimer sodium etc.) | PLGA nanoparticles | N/A (Passive) | SW480 (human colon cancer) | [41] |
| Polyacrylamide nanoparticles | F3 peptide | 9L (orthotopic rat glioma) | [46, 112] | |
| Magnetic chitosan nanoparticles | N/A (Passive) | SW480 (xenograft human colon) | [35] | |
| Silica nanoparticles | N/A (Passive) | HeLa (human colon cancer) HCT 116 (human colon cancer) A549 (human lung cancer) |
[37, 38] | |
| Chlorin derivatives (chlorin e6, mTHPC, pheophorbide etc) | Human serum albumin nanoparticles | N/A (Passive) | HT-29 (human colon cancer) | [99] |
| Chitosan nanoparticles | N/A (Passive) | HT-29 (human colon cancer) | [98] | |
| Iron oxide nanoparticles | N/A (Passive) | MGC-803 (human gastric cancer) | [63] | |
| NaYF4:Yb,Er/NaGdF4 nanoparticles | N/A (Passive) | U87MG (human glioma) | [64] | |
| Hyaluronic acid nanoparticles | Hyaluronic acid targeted to CD44 | HT-29 (human colon cancer) | [61] | |
| PLGA nanoparticles | N/A (Passive) | Rhabdomyosarcoma (orthotopic) | [101] | |
| Polyacrylamide nanoparticles | N/A (Passive) | Colon-26 (murine colon cancer) | [102, 111] | |
| Phthalocyanine derivatives (zinc (II) phthalocyanine, silicon phthalocyanine 4 etc.) | Mesoporous silica nanoparticles | N/A (Passive) | H22 (human hepatoma) | [108] |
| Dendrimers | N/A (Passive) | A549 (human lung cancer) | [109] | |
| Gold nanoparticles | EGF | Gli36 (orthotopic human glioma) | [73] | |
| Indocyanine green | Calcium phosphosilicate | Anti-CD117 antibody | 32D-p210-GFP (orthotopic murine chronic myeloid leukemia) | [84] |
| Methylene blue | Phosphonate-terminated silica nanoparticles | N/A (Passive) | HeLa (human cervical cancer) | [91] |