Table 3.
Psychiatric and Behavioral Symptoms in Smokers (n=128, 44%) and Nonsmokers (n=163, 56%)
| Variable | Smokers | Nonsmokers | Test Statistic | p-value1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SF-12 | ||||
| Physical health scale | 45.3 (10.2) | 43.4 (10.1) | F=0.49 | 0.48 |
| Mental health scale | 43.8 (10.9) | 46.6 (10.6) | F=6.97 | 0.01 |
| CES-D | 20.8 (11.6) | 19.2 (10.9) | F=3.5 | 0.06 |
| EQ-5D | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.2) | F=0.26 | 0.61 |
| BASIS-24 | ||||
| Depression functioning subscale | 1.3 (0.8) | 1.3 (0.8) | F=1.49 | 0.22 |
| Difficulty in interpersonal relationships subscale | 1.4 (0.8) | 1.2 (0.7) | F=4.96 | 0.03 |
| Self-harm subscale | 0.3 (0.6) | 0.2 (0.5) | F=0.58 | 0.47 |
| Emotional lability subscale | 1.5 (1.0) | 1.4 (0.9) | F=3.09 | 0.08 |
| Psychotic symptoms subscale | 1.1 (1.1) | 0.9 (0.9) | F=3.90 | 0.05 |
| Substance abuse subscale | 0.4 (0.6) | 0.1 (0.4) | F=16.03 | < 0.001 |
| Overall BASIS-24 summary score | 1.2 (0.6) | 1.1 (1.6) | F=4.64 | 0.03 |
Note: SF-12 = Short Form Health Survey (range 0–100, higher scores indicate better functioning); CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (range 0–60, higher scores indicate a higher level of depression); EQ-5D = EuroQoL-5 Dimensions (range 0–1, higher indicates better quality of life); BASIS-24 = revised Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale (range 0–4, higher scores indicate the greater or more frequent the problem or symptoms).
1
Adjusted for age and sex, education, and diagnosis