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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Cancer Ther. 2013 May 3;12(8):1417–1428. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-13-0006-T

Figure 4. PS inhibits Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and induces autophagy in vitro and in vivo.

Figure 4

The inhibitory effect of PS on: A, p-Raf/p-MEK/p-ERK; B, p-ErbB3 and p-PI3K/p-Akt/p-PS6K/p-4E-PB-1; and C, p-mTOR (S2481 and S2448)/Rictor/Raptor expression in A549 cells (1.5xIC50) in vitro. Densitometry results are shown as numbers (italics) below the immunoblots. D, PS increased conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II as indicated by the increased LC3-II/LC3-I ratios (italics). E, Inhalation PS treatment significantly reduced phosphorylation of signaling components of Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways in orthotopic A549 tumors. F, Inhalation PS treatment significantly induced autophagy in the orthotopic tumors as indicated by the increased LC3-II/LC3-I ratios and reduced expression of p-mTOR. *p<0.05.