Table 1.
TARQUIN analysis of estimated tumor compound (Cmpd) concentrations (mM) in rodent gliomas compared to control normal (Ctrl) brain tissue from in vivo MR spectra (PRESS).
| Cmpd | Ctrl | F98 | U87 | RG2 | GL261 | C6 | 9L | ENU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tCr | 7.5±0.7a | 0.8±1.4a**,b | 3.7±3.6 | 2.8±2.3a* | 2.2±2.0a** | 4.0±1.0a**, b* | 4.6±3.8 | 6.2±3.3b* |
| NAA | 5.7±1.1a | 8.2±11.6 | 4.2±4.8 | 1.5±2.0a*,c* | 2.0±0.8a**,c* | 1.3±1.6a**, c* | 2.5±2.2 | 5.0±2.0c |
| tCho | 1.6±0.1 | 8.1±12.4 | 2.6±1.8 | 2.6±2.4 | 2.2±1.2 | 2.1±1.0 | 3.0±1.5 | 2.3±0.9 |
| Lip0.9 | 0±0 | 2.4±4.1 | 1.7±1.2 | 0.7±1.2 | 6.2±5.6 | 1.0±0.9 | 0.1±0.2 | 0.1±0.2 |
| Ins | 4.6±1.5 | 28.8±46.9 | 9.8±6.9 | 3.9±3.5 | 8.6±4.4 | 9.9±4.5 | 2.7±2.3 | 5.9±3.4 |
| GABA | 8.9±1.9 | 6.2±5.4 | 20.9±15.3 | 7.8±4.6 | 7.4±4.6 | 15.1±5.5d* | 2.2±4.4d | 11.8±5.3 |
| Gln | 4.9±1.9a | 3.4±4.9 | 7.6±6.8 | 1.1±1.5a*,d | 2.5±5.7 | 9.6±6.2d* | 6.5±4.4 | 8.0±3.1d** |
| Glu | 11.5±1.3a | 5.5±4.8 | 12.6±9.1 | 5.1±2.7a**,d | 8.9±4.1 | 10.6±5.6 | 7.8±2.8 | 11.3±1.8 d** |
| Tau | 7.6±1.3 | 53.6±85.9 | 6.3±4.9 | 15.2±10.4 | 23.4±11.9c* | 6.3±1.8 | 17.2±21.4 | 8.0±1.9c |
| Ala | 0.2±0.3 | 3.3±5.7 | 0.6±1.2 | 0.8±1.9 | 3.2±5.6 | 0.4±0.8 | 0.6±0.8 | 0.4±0.7 |
| Asp | 4.9±3.3a | 0.3±0.5 | 2.6±2.8 | 10.1±7.1d | 9.9±22.2 | 0±0a*,c*,d* | 6.9±8.8 | 3.0±2.3c |
| Glc | 1.1±1.8 | 41.2±70.3 | 7.7±4.7 | 2.2±2.1 | 4.8±3.4 | 4.5±3.8 | 10.1±10.7 | 1.8±3.7 |
| Gua | 5.0±0.4a | 0.3±0.5a***, b | 2.3±0.8a**,b** | 1.8±3.1 | 8.8±7.4 | 3.3±1.8 | 6.2±3.1b* | 3.5±1.4b* |
| Scyllo | 0±0 | 20.2±34.1 | 0±0 | 1.0±2.1 | 0.3±0.5 | 0±0 | 3.6±6.3 | 0±0 |
| Lac | 0±0a | 3.0±3.3 | 6.4±8.2 | 11.1±9.7 | 19.7±11.5a*,c* | 6.9±7.1 | 0.9±1.2 | 0.4±0.7c |
| Lip1.3 | 0±0a | 2.2±2.7 | 11.8±13.2 | 6.6±10.0 | 54.5±41.0c* | 8.8±4.1a*,c** | 1.0±1.5 | 0.1±0.2c |
| Lip2.0 | 0.8±0.7 | 0.4±0.7 | 1.0±1.0 | 1.4±1.8 | 4.5±7.4 | 1.5±2.2 | 2.0±2.0 | 0.8±1.0 |
| MM | 1.4±0.4a | 6.7±4.7 | 6.7±4.5 | 8.7±5.3 | 11.1±6.7 | 6.1±3.5 | 4.4±1.2a**,c* | 7.1±1.5a**,c |
*, ** or *** represents p<0.05, p<0.01 or p<0.001, respectively. Sample numbers are: F98 (n=4), U87 (n=5), RG2 (n=5), GL261 (n=5), C6 (n=5), and Ctrl (Control, intracerebral injection of astrocytes; n=4).
‘a’ is a comparison between Ctrl and glioma tissue in all glioma models. ‘b’ is a comparison between glioma tissue in the F98 model and all other models. ‘c’ is a comparison between glioma tissue in the ENU model and all other models. ‘d’ is a comparison between glioma tissue in the RG2 model and all other models. Tumor metabolite concentrations were obtained in each glioma model when maximum tumors were reached at days 17–21 for C6, days 14–26 for RG2, days 15–35 for U87, days 36–47 for 9L/lacZ, days 18–26 for F98, and days 23–35 for GL261. The rats bearing ENU-induced gliomas were assessed at 33–39 weeks of age. Statistics were obtained using a two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test. Assignment of metabolites and subsequent concentration measurements were based on published literature: e.g. NAA was assigned at 2.02 ppm, tCr at 3.03 ppm, tCho at 3.22 ppm, Lac at 1.32 ppm, Ala at 1.47 ppm, Gln at 2.12 ppm, Glu at 2.35 ppm, Asp at 2.79 ppm, Tau at 3.42 ppm, and myo-Ins at 3.53 ppm (40). Mobile lipid peaks are associated with the fatty acyl proton groups CH2 (predominantly saturated methylene hydrogens; Lip1.3=Lip1.3a+Lip1.3b) and CH3 (methyl hydrogens; Lip0.9), respectively (41). For some metabolite concentrations were combined to reflect total levels (e.g. tCr included all creatine-containing compounds, tCho included all choline-containing compounds (GPC+ PCh), NAA = NAA + NAAG, and MM included all MM peaks (0.92 (MM09), 1.21 (MM12), 1.39 (MM14), 1.67 (MM17), and 2.04 (MM20) ppm (40)).