Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics for the Analytic Sample (n=1,264 individuals) Mean
| Characteristic | Mean (Standard Deviation) or Percent |
|---|---|
| Independent Variable Description | |
| Taking at least one diabetes medication (n=1,184) | 94% |
| Taking at least one hypertension medication (n=1,169) | 92% |
| Taking at least one cholesterol medication (n=969) | 77% |
| Taking at least one symptom relief medication (n=746) | 59% |
| Taking at least one other medication (n=1,125) | 89% |
| Dependent Variable Description | |
| % reporting CRN to any diabetes medication (64 of 1,184) | 5% |
| % reporting CRN to any hypertension medication (75 of 1,169) | 6% |
| % reporting CRN to any cholesterol medication (59 of 969) | 6% |
| % reporting CRN to any symptom relief medication (50 of 746) | 7% |
| % reporting CRN to any other medication (120 of 1,125) | 11% |
| Health, Costs and Benefit Design | |
| Mean comorbidity count | 4.9 (2.3) |
| Mean out-of-pocket costs (Q1 2006) | $350 ($260) |
| Type of Plan/Gap Coverage combination | |
| Integrated delivery system MAPD/no gap coverage (n=354) | 28% |
| For-profit MAPD/no gap coverage (n=440) | 35% |
| For-profit MAPD/generic-only gap coverage (n=176) | 14% |
| For profit PDP/no gap coverage (n=117) | 9% |
| For-profit PDP/generic-only gap coverage (n=177) | 14% |
| Demographics | |
| Mean age, in years (SD) | 74.7 (5.6) |
| Female, % (n=712) | 56% |
| Race or ethnicity, % | |
| White (n=937) | 74% |
| Latino (n=210) | 17% |
| African American (n=52) | 4% |
| Asian or Pacific Islander (n=24) | 2% |
| All other (n=41) | 3% |
| Education, % | |
| Less than high school (n=239) | 19% |
| High school graduate (n=372) | 30% |
| Some college (n=384) | 30% |
| At least four years college (n=269) | 21% |
| Median annual income | |
| < $25,000 (n=452) | 36% |
| $25,000-$39,999 (n=298) | 23% |
| ≥ $40,000 (n=514) | 41% |