TABLE 1—

Summary of Major Randomized Placebo-Controlled Secondary Prevention Trials Examining the Effect of Fish or ω3-PUFA Intake on Various Cardiovascular Endpoints

Study and Outcomes	Patient Population	ω3-PUFA Intake	Control
DART31	2033 nondiabetic male participants < 70 y randomized at a mean of 41d after MI	Fatty fish intake of 2 portions/wk (350 mg EPA+DHA/d)	No dietary advice
Singh32	240 participants randomized within 24 h after MI	1200 mg EPA+DHA	Non-oil placebo
GISSI-Prevenzione33	11 324 participants randomized at a mean of 16 d after MI (all within 3 mo) to ω3-PUFA, ω3-PUFA + vitamin E, vitamin E, or none	840 mg EPA+DHA	Usual care (statins not standard of care at time of trial)
Nilsen34	300 participants randomized 4–8 d post-MI	3360 mg EPA+DHA	Corn oil
DART-235	3114 male participants with clinical angina < 70 y	Fatty fish intake of 2/wk (350 mg EPA+DHA/d), fruit intake, or fish intake + fruit intake	Nonspecific dietary advice
JELIS26	3664 participants with known CHD ≤ 75 y	1800 mg EPA	None
GISSI-HF36	6975 participants with NYHA Class II–IV CHF	840 mg EPA+DHA	Non-oil placebo
OMEGA37	3851 participants randomized 3–14 d post-MI	840 mg EPA+DHA	Olive oil
α-OMEGA38	4837 participants 60–80 y with MI within 10 y	400 mg EPA+DHA	Unsupplemented margarine

Note. CHD = coronary heart disease; CHF = congestive heart failure; DART = Diet and Reinfarction Trial; DHA = docosahexaenoic acid; EPA = eicosapentaenoic acid; GISSI-HF = Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’Infarto Miocardico (Italian Group for the Study of Myocardial Infarction Survival) trial; HF = heart failure; JELIS = Japan EPA Intervention Lipid Study; MI = myocardial infarction; NYHA = New York Heart Association; ω3-PUFA = ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid.