TABLE 2—
Gender Transition, Health Care, Health Indicators, and Family and School Context by Transgender People Reporting Discrimination and No Discrimination: Virginia Transgender Health Initiative Study, September 2005–July 2006
| Characteristic | Discrimination (n = 143), Mean ±SD (Median) or No. (%) | No Discrimination (n = 207), Mean ±SD (Median) or No. (%) | Total Sample (n= 350), Mean ±SD (Median) or No. (%) | OR (95% CI)a | P |
| Age first aware transgender, y | 10.14 ±7.04 (8.00) | 11.67 ±8.23 (10.00) | 11.06 ±7.80 (10.00) | 0.97 (0.97, 0.98) | < .001 |
| Other transgender people seen at least once in the past 6 mo | 3.42 ±1.22 (3.00) | 3.14 ±1.43 (4.00) | 3.25 ±1.35 (4.00) | 1.17 (1.15, 1.20) | < .001 |
| Gender transition | |||||
| Live full-time | 83 (55) | 69 (45) | 152 (43) | 2.76 (2.60, 2.92) | < .001 |
| Hormones (estrogen or testosterone) | 100 (70) | 98 (47) | 198 (57) | 2.58 (2.54, 2.62) | < .001 |
| Either chest or genital SRS surgery | 43 (30) | 35 (17) | 78 (22) | 2.20 (1.77, 2.73) | < .001 |
| Surgery to modify chest | 33 (23) | 32 (15) | 65 (19) | … | … |
| Genital surgery or SRS | 24 (17) | 9 (4) | 33 (9) | … | … |
| Never sought medical intervention | 29 (20) | 73 (35) | 102 (29) | 0.45 (0.40, 0.50) | < .001 |
| Health care | |||||
| Regular PCP | 81 (57) | 130 (63) | 211 (60) | 0.78 (0.56, 1.08) | .131 |
| Out to PCP about being transgender | 66 (46) | 83 (40) | 149 (43) | 1.27 (0.72, 2.25) | .401 |
| Uncomfortable with PCP | 25 (17) | 29 (14) | 54 (15) | 1.13 (1.05, 1.22) | .001 |
| Had to educate PCP | 37 (26) | 32 (15) | 69 (20) | 2.04 (0.75, 5.56) | .164 |
| Uncomfortable unknown provider | 75 (52) | 101 (49) | 176 (50) | 1.16 (0.94, 1.43) | .169 |
| Access to health care: needed the service but unable to obtain it in past 12 mo | |||||
| Needed hormonal therapy | 58 (41) | 51 (25) | 109 (31) | 2.23 (2.05, 2.43) | < .001 |
| Needed transgender-related surgery | 45 (31) | 42 (20) | 87 (25) | 1.92 (1.89, 1.96) | < .001 |
| Needed counseling or psychotherapy | 49 (34) | 39 (19) | 88 (25) | 2.26 (1.13, 4.53) | .021 |
| Needed gynecological care | 34 (24) | 32 (15) | 66 (19) | 1.80 (1.31, 2.48) | < .001 |
| Violence | |||||
| Sexual (forced or unwanted sex) | 58 (41) | 35 (17) | 93 (27) | 3.39 (3.07, 3.73) | < .001 |
| Physical (physically attacked) | 80 (56) | 52 (25) | 132 (38) | 3.88 (2.79, 5.39) | < .001 |
| HIV positive | 11 (8) | 17 (8) | 28 (8) | 0.85 (0.73, 1.01) | .058 |
| Substance use health behaviors | |||||
| Ever used tobacco | 88 (62) | 135 (65) | 223 (64) | 0.85 (0.80, 0.89) | < .001 |
| Tobacco problem ever | 38 (27) | 42 (20) | 80 (23) | 1.41 (0.13, 1.76) | .002 |
| Current tobacco problem | 26 (18) | 21 (10) | 47 (13) | 1.96 (1.21, 3.18) | .007 |
| Past or current drinking problem (alcohol) | 37 (26) | 43 (21) | 80 (23) | 1.34 (1.30, 1.39) | < .001 |
| Injection drug use ever | 10 (7) | 11 (5) | 21 (6) | 1.32 (1.18, 1.47) | < .001 |
| Interpersonal factors | |||||
| Family not supportive | 53 (37) | 56 (27) | 109 (31) | 1.67 (1.41, 1.98) | < .001 |
| Experienced hostility in high school | 69 (48) | 61 (29) | 130 (37) | 2.25 (2.00, 2.53) | < .001 |
Note. CI = confidence interval; FTM = female to male; MTF = male to female; OR = odds ratio; PCP = primary care provide; SRS = sex reassignment surgery. The sample sizes in each category total more than the column heads since respondents could check more than 1 response.
a
We used generalized estimating equations to fit bivariate logistic regression models, adjusted for clustering induced by study design (design covariate: Web vs paper-and-pencil survey).