TABLE 2—
Adjusted Relative Risks and Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Associated With Body Mass Index (BMI), by Race/Ethnicity: California, 2007–2009
| Race/Ethnicity |
||||||
| Total RR (95% CI) | Non-Hispanic White RR (95% CI) | Non-Hispanic Black RR (95% CI) | Non-Hispanic Asian/PI RR (95% CI) | Non-Hispanic American Indian RR (95% CI) | Hispanic RR (95% CI) | |
| RR BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 0.69 (0.66, 0.72) | 0.8 (0.8, 0.9) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) | 0.6 (0.6, 0.7) | 0.3 (0.0, 2.1) | 0.6 (0.6, 0.7) |
| Normal (18.5–24.9; Ref) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 1.8 (1.8, 1.9) | 2.0 (2.0, 2.1) | 2.0 (1.8, 2.2) | 1.8 (1.7, 1.9) | 2.2 (1.6, 3.1) | 1.8 (1.8, 1.8) |
| Class I obesity (30.0–34.9) | 2.7 (2.6, 2.7) | 3.2 (3.1, 3.4) | 2.8 (2.6, 3.2) | 2.3 (2.2, 2.4) | 3.1 (2.2, 4.3) | 2.6 (2.5, 2.7) |
| Class II obesity (35.0–39.9) | 3.7 (3.6, 3.7) | 4.5 (4.3, 4.7) | 3.9 (3.5, 4.3) | 2.6 (2.4, 2.8) | 4.2 (2.9, 6.1) | 3.6 (3.5, 3.7) |
| Class III obesity (≥ 40) | 4.6 (4.5, 4.7) | 5.9 (5.6, 6.2) | 5.2 (4.6, 5.8) | 2.6 (2.3, 2.9) | 5.7 (4.0, 8.2) | 4.6 (4.4, 4.7) |
| PAF BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 13.5 (13.1, 13.8) | 13.3 (12.6, 14.1) | 13.8 (11.8, 15.7) | 10.8 (10.1, 11.5) | 13.6 (7.6, 19.5) | 14.3 (13.7, 14.8) |
| Class I obesity (30.0–34.9) | 12.4 (12.1, 12.6) | 12.3 (11.7, 12.9) | 13.9 (12.3, 15.5) | 4.9 (4.5, 5.2) | 16.6 (11.1, 22.1) | 14.9 (14.5, 15.3) |
| Class II obesity (35.0–39.9) | 7.4 (7.2, 7.6) | 8.6 (8.2, 9.1) | 10.9 (9.7, 12.1) | 1.5 (1.3, 1.8) | 13.3 (8.9, 17.7) | 8.8 (8.6, 9.1) |
| Class III obesity (≥ 40) | 5.4 (5.3, 5.6) | 7.0 (6.6, 7.4) | 12.6 (11.4, 13.9) | 0.6 (0.5, 0.7) | 14.4 (10.1, 18.6) | 6.2 (5.9, 6.4) |
| Total overweight/obese (≥ 25.0) | 38.6 (38.1, 39.1) | 41.2 (40.1, 42.3) | 51.2 (48.0, 54.4) | 17.8 (17.0, 18.6) | 57.8 (47.3, 68.4) | 44.2 (43.3, 45.0) |
Note. CI = confidence interval; PI = Pacific Islander; RR = relative risk. Risks adjusted for maternal age, parity, and nativity.