TABLE 4—
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Prevalence, Adjusted Relative Risks and Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) of GDM Associated With Body Mass Index (BMI), by Hispanic Ethnicity: California, 2007–2009
| Maternal Characteristics | All Hispanics % (95% CI) | Mexican % (95% CI) | Central/South American % (95% CI) | Puerto Rican % (95% CI) | Cuban % (95% CI) |
| GDM prevalence | 8.4 (8.3, 8.5) | 8.7 (8.6, 8.8) | 7.4 (7.2, 7.6) | 6.6 (5.9, 7.4) | 5.5 (4.5, 6.7) |
| RR BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 0.6 (0.6, 0.7) | 0.7 (0.6, 0.7) | 0.5 (0.3, 0.7) | 0.6 (0.1, 2.2) | 1.1 (0.1, 8.0) |
| Normal (18.5–24.9; Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 1.79 (1.75, 1.84) | 1.8 (1.7, 1.8) | 1.8 (1.7, 1.9) | 2.7 (2.0, 3.8) | 3.3 (1.8, 6.1) |
| Class I obesity (30-34.9) | 2.6 (2.5, 2.7) | 2.6 (2.5, 2.7) | 2.4 (2.3, 2.6) | 3.7 (2.6, 5.3) | 6.1 (3.3, 11.3) |
| Class II obesity (35-39.9) | 3.6 (3.5, 3.7) | 3.6 (3.5, 3.7) | 3.3 (3.0, 3.6) | 6.0 (4.2, 8.7) | 9.0 (4.5, 17.9) |
| Class III obesity (≥ 40) | 4.6 (4.4, 4.7) | 4.5 (4.4, 4.7) | 4.3 (3.8, 4.9) | 7.4 (5.0, 10.9) | 9.8 (4.6, 20.9) |
| PAF BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 14.3 (13.7, 14.8) | 14.0 (13.5, 14.6) | 15.3 (13.4, 17.1) | 18.8 (12.4, 25.2) | 21.1 (10.1, 32.1) |
| Class I obesity (30.0–34.9) | 14.9 (14.5, 15.3) | 15.1 (14.6, 15.5) | 12.7 (11.4, 14.0) | 15.6 (10.5, 20.7) | 22.5 (13.0, 31.9) |
| Class II obesity (35.0–39.9) | 8.8 (8.6, 9.1) | 8.9 (8.6, 9.1) | 6.4 (5.5, 7.2) | 13.9 (9.6, 18.2) | 12.5 (5.4, 19.6) |
| Class III obesity (≥ 40) | 6.2 (5.9, 6.4) | 6.2 (5.9, 6.4) | 4.1 (3.5, 4.7) | 11.8 (7.9, 15.7) | 9.6 (3.4, 15.9) |
| Total overweight/obese (≥ 25.0) | 44.2 (43.3, 45.0) | 44.1 (43.3, 45.0) | 38.5 (35.8, 41.1) | 60.1 (50.7, 69.6) | 65.7 (51.1, 80.3) |
Note. CI = confidence interval; RR = relative risks. Risks adjusted for maternal age, parity, and nativity.