TABLE 2—
Multivariable Cox Proportional Hazard Models Estimating Children’s Risk of Intentional or Unintentional Fatal Injury Before Age 5 Years: California, 1999–2007
| Variable | All Injury Deaths (n = 392), HR (95% CI) | Intentional Injury Deathsa (n = 123), HR (95% CI) | Unintentional Injury Deathsa (n = 247), HR (95% CI) |
| Allegation type (most severe) | |||
| Physical abuse | 1.70 (1.34, 2.17) | 5.22 (3.61, 7.57) | 0.59 (0.39, 0.90) |
| Neglect (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Other maltreatment | 0.27 (0.17, 0.42) | 0.18 (0.05, 0.56) | 0.30 (0.18, 0.49) |
| Referral count | 0.90 (0.85, 0.97) | 0.92 (0.83, 1.03) | 0.91 (0.84, 0.99) |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 1.36 (1.11, 1.67) | 1.15 (0.80, 1.65) | 1.56 (1.20, 2.03) |
| Female (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Health risk | |||
| Present | 1.32 (1.01, 1.71) | 1.45 (0.92, 2.30) | 1.09 (0.76, 1.55) |
| Not present (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Insurance for birth | |||
| Public | 1.17 (0.93, 1.48) | 0.95 (0.64, 1.42) | 1.20 (0.89, 1.61) |
| Private (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Birth order | |||
| First born (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Later born | 1.46 (1.13, 1.88) | 1.32 (0.85, 2.03) | 1.59 (1.14, 2.20) |
| Maternal age | 0.96 (0.94, 0.98) | 0.95 (0.92, 0.99) | 0.97 (0.95, 0.99) |
| Maternal education | |||
| ≤ high school | 0.95 (0.72, 1.25) | 1.07 (0.64, 1.77) | 0.96 (0.68, 1.36) |
| ≥ some college (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Black | 1.15 (0.86, 1.54) | 1.75 (1.05, 2.89) | 0.93 (0.64, 1.35) |
| White (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Latino | 0.65 (0.51, 0.83) | 0.80 (0.50, 1.27) | 0.60 (0.45, 0.81) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.43 (0.21, 0.88) | 1.85 (0.30, 2.40) | 0.24 (0.08, 0.76) |
| Native American | 2.55 (1.47, 4.43) | 4.52 (1.89, 10.84) | 2.04 (0.99, 4.21) |
| Paternity | |||
| Missing | 1.30 (1.04, 1.62) | 1.54 (1.04, 2.27) | 1.28 (0.96, 1.70) |
| Established (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Note. CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio.
a
Excludes injury fatalities of undetermined intent (n = 22).