Table 3.

Signaling pathways of methylation and transmethylation.

	Treatment/model	Signaling pathway	References
Immunocytes
T cells	-CD28-activated	-Vav1 R-methylation and translocation into the nucleus	[44,45]
CD4+ T cells (but not CD8+ T cells)	-SAHase inhibition	-Reduced Vav R-methylation -Reduced Akt, Erk 1/2, NF-κB phosphorylation	[36]
Protein methyltransferase
PRMT-1	-Arginine methyltransferase	-Binding to IFNAR1 -Inhibition of antiproliferative effects of IFN-β by blocking PRMT-1 -STAT1 R-methylation by PRMT1?	[38] [39–42]
SETD6	-Lysine methyltransferase	-Monomethylation of RelA at Lysine 310 -Basal condition: RelAK310me1 bound to H3K9me2 by recognition of the GLP domain of SETD6 -Pro-inflammatory stimulus: PKCζ-mediated phosphorylation of RelAK310me1 blocks GLP-RelAK310me1 recognition→chromatin relaxation and RelA target genes expression	[43]
Autoimmunity
Lupus	-Transgenic mouse that inducibly expresses a dominant-negative MEK in T cells -Hydralazine/ Erk inhibitor-treated murine T cells -Human T cells from SLE patient	-Decreased Erk 1/2 pathway signaling -Impaired PKCδ -Decreases DNA methylation -Modification of gene expression rendering T cells autoreactive	[95–97]