. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Sep 23.

Published in final edited form as: Nutr Cancer. 2012 Nov 8;64(8):1211–1218. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2012.718032

Table 3.

Long-term chemopreventive effect of topical garcinol on DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis in hamster cheek pouch

Group	Treatment	No.	Visible tumors			Microscopic changes
			Incidence (%)	Number	Volume (cm³)	No. of dysplasia	Incidence of SCC	No. of SCC
2A	Negative control	5	-	-	-	-	-	-
2B	DMBA	25	96.0 (24/25)	3.70±2.79	7.64±18.67	1.52±1.40	96.0 (24/25)	3.00±2.28
2C	DMBA + 0.5mM garcinol	21	81.0 (17/21)	2.18±1.70^**	0.90±1.80^*	1.37±1.30	81.0 (17/21)	1.63±1.34^**
2D	DMBA + 5mM garcinol	23	82.6 (19/23)	2.45±2.01^*	0.52±1.44^*	1.06±0.25	87.0 (20/23)	1.56±1.04^**
2E	DMBA + 50mM garcinol	25	80.0 (20/25)	2.13±1.75^**	0.58±1.41^*	0.85±0.18^*	84.0 (21/25)	1.23±0.81^**

P <0.05 as compared with Group 2B

^**

P<0.01 as compared with Group 2B.