TABLE 5.

Randomized, placebo-controlled trials of estrogen and progestogens on verbal memory in older postmenopausal women

Author	N (All) Final HT/Pl	Mean Age (SD or span)	Prior HT Use (%)	Menopausal Status/ Menopausal Symptoms/ Years since Menopause^a	Design	Duration	HT	Dose	Test	Results
Binder (2001)	(67) 52 34/18	81 (75-91)	33%	Postmenopausal/ Likely minimal to none/ 34 y	Parallel	9 m	CEE alone in 59%; CEE/ trimonthly cyclic MPA in 41%	0.625 mg/d; 5 mg/d for 13 at months 2, 5 and 8	Paired Associates	HT = PL
Grady (2002)	(1328) 1063 517/ 546	66.8 (44-79)	24%	Postmenopausal/15% Hot flashes, coronary disease in all/18 y	Parallel	4.2 y	CEE/MPA	0.625 mg/d 2.5 mg/d	Word List Learning and Recall	HT < PL^T1 Word List Learning
Resnick (2005)	(2302) 1416 690/726	73.8 (3.7)	22%	Postmenopausal/ 5% moderate-to-severe/ Unknown	Parallel	3.4 y	CEE/MPA	0.625 mg/d 2.5 mg/d	CVLT	HT < PL Learning & Long Delay^T2
Tierney (2009)	(142) 128 62/66	74.7 (6.9)	27%	Postmenopausal/Likely minimal to none/ 26 y	Parallel	2 y	E2 + cyclic Norethindrone	1 mg/d, 0.35 mg/ 3 d per week	CVLT	HT = PL

Notes: T1 = p-value was 0.06 for word list memory and .02 after controlling for age, education, years postmenopausal, statin use, Geriatric Depression Scale score, alcohol drinks per week, hot flushes, and trouble sleeping; T2 = p-value was 0.02 for learning and 0.01 for long delay. CEE = Conjugated equine estrogen; CVLT = California Verbal Learning Test; E2 = estradiol; HT= Hormone therapy; MPA = Medroxyprogesterone acetate; PL = Placebo.