Table 1. Simple dynamic model describing the feedbacks.
State variables | Chlorophyll-a in algal population (µg-Chl-a L−1) | |
D | Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration (mg-C L−1) | |
Concentration of dissolved silver (mg-Ag L−1) | ||
Concentration of bioavailable AgNPs (mg-Ag L−1) | ||
Concentration of inactivated AgNPs (mg-Ag L−1) | ||
q | “quota” of bioaccumulated Ag in algae (mg-Ag (µg-Chl-a)−1) | |
Rates | exposure-related specific mortality rate of algae (day−1) | |
rate of dissolution of AgNPs (mg-Ag L−1 day−1) | ||
rate of inactivation of ionic silver (mg-Ag L−1 day−1) | ||
rate of inactivation of AgNPs (mg-Ag L−1 day−1) | ||
P | rate of production of DOC by algae (mg-C day−1) | |
Balance Equations | Algae | |
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) | ||
Bioavailable AgNPs | ||
Inactivated AgNPs | ||
Ionic silver | ||
Quota | ||
Model functions | Exposure-induced mortality | |
AgNP dissolution | ||
AgNP inactivation by DOC | ||
Inactivation of ionic silver | ||
DOC production | ||
Chl-a in control population |
Subscripts used are N:silver nanoparticles; I: ionic silver; U: non-bioavailable (inactivated) silver. In the balance equations, denotes the rate of transformation of silver in state n to state m. Parameters are defined in Table 2. Note: the notation [x]+ means use the value of x if it is positive, otherwise set to zero.