Table 1. Epigenetic modifications as potential biomarkers of tolerance after solid organ transplantation.
| Gene | Cell type | Gene function | Epigenetic modification |
|---|---|---|---|
|
IFNG |
CD4 (Th1), CD8, NK |
Interleukin |
DNA methylation, histone acetylation and methylation |
|
TBX21 (T-bet) |
CD4 (Th1) |
Transcription factor |
DNA methylation, bivalent domains |
|
IL4 |
CD4 (Th2) |
Interleukin |
DNA methylation, histone methylation |
|
IL13 |
CD4 (Th2) |
Interleukin |
DNA methylation |
|
GATA3 |
CD4(Th2) |
Transcription factor |
Bivalent domains |
|
IL17 |
CD4 (Th17) |
Interleukin |
DNA methylation |
|
RORC (ROR-γt) |
CD4 (Th17) |
Transcription factor |
DNA methylation, bivalent domains |
|
FoxP3 |
CD4 (Treg) |
Transcription factor |
DNA methylation, histone acetylation |
|
CCR6 |
CD4 |
Chemokine receptor |
DNA methylation |
|
CD40L |
CD4 |
Costimulatory molecule |
DNA methylation |
|
IL2 |
CD4, CD8 |
Interleukin |
DNA Methylation, histone acetylation |
|
PDCD1 (PD1) |
CD8 |
Costimulatory molecule |
DNA methylation |
|
EOMES |
CD8, NK |
Transcription factor |
Histone acetylation |
|
GRZB |
CD8, NK |
Cytotoxic molecule |
Histone acetylation |
|
PRF1 |
CD8, NK |
Cytotoxic molecule |
DNA methylation, histone acetylation |
|
KLRK1 (NKG2D) |
NK, CD8 |
Activating receptor |
DNA methylation, histone acetylation |
|
KIRs |
NK |
Activating and inhibitory receptor |
DNA methylation and histone methylation |
|
FASL |
NK |
Apoptosis |
DNA methylation, histone acetylation |
|
CD19 |
B |
Surface receptor |
DNA methylation |
|
PRDM1 (BLIMP1) |
B |
Transcriptional repressor |
Histone methylation |
|
IL10 |
Mo,DC, B, Treg |
Interleukin |
DNA methylation |
|
IL1B |
Mo, MФ |
Interleukin |
DNA methylation |
| CD209 | DC, MФ | Surface receptor | Histone acetylation and methylation |
Bivalent domains, H3K4me3/H3K27me3; Mo, monocyte; MФ, macrophage; DC, dendritic cells; NK, natural killer cells