Table 1.

ANCOVA results. A separate linear model was constructed for each inferred parameter, using log N and country identity as predictors. Simulations were not modelled. England & Wales is the reference level. Mean (μ̂), R² = 0.74; SD (σ̂), R² = 0.55. For both inferred parameters, country identity has a significant impact on either intercept (shown here) or slope, but not both. Note the model is not balanced.

Inferred Parameter	Model Term	Estimate	Std. Error	t value	Pr(>|t|)
Mean	(Intercept)	−6.327	0.148	−42.842	<10−12
Mean	logN	0.367	0.028	12.967	<10−12
Mean	Country	−0.210	0.013	−16.021	<10−12
SD	(Intercept)	2.261	0.118	19.222	<10−12
SD	logN	−0.231	0.023	−10.263	<10−12
SD	Country	0.095	0.010	9.057	<10−12