Table 2.

Factors associated with having a depressive episode in older people, rural South Africa.

Factors	OR [95% CI]	aOR [95% CI]
Sex
Male	1.00	1.00
Female	2.89 [1.76–4.74]	3.04 [1.73–5.36]
Age group
50–59	1.00	1.00
60–69	0.82 [0.52–1.31]	0.78 [0.44–1.37]
70–79	1.64 [0.95–2.81]	1.60 [0.80–3.19]
80+	1.92 [0.88–4.18]	1.90 [0.74–4.87]
Marital status
Never married	1.00	1.00
Married	0.48 [0.30–0.77]	0.58 [0.34–0.99]
Previously married	2.04 [1.18–3.53]	1.24 [0.64–2.41]
Education level
None	1.00	1.00
Primary	0.52 [0.34–0.80]	0.77 [0.47–1.26]
Secondary or higher	0.52 [0.28–0.97]	0.96 [0.45–2.07]
Source of income
None	1.00	1.00
Government grants	0.44 [0.22–0.86]	0.34 [0.15–0.75]
Other	0.23 [0.10–0.57]	0.20 [0.07–0.54]
Place of residency
Rural	1.00	1.00
Urban	1.73 [1.17–2.56]	1.86 [1.16–2.96]
Household socio-economic status in quintiles
First	1.00	1.00
Second	0.78 [0.43–1.44]	0.98 [0.49–1.98]
Third	0.85 [0.47–1.53]	0.88 [0.44–1.73]
Fourth	0.64 [0.35–1.15]	0.69 [0.35–1.39]
Fifth	0.54 [0.29–1.00]	0.71 [0.33–1.51]
Care-giving to adults (18–49 years)
No	1.00	1.00
Yes	2.96 [1.98–4.42]	2.37 [1.37–4.12]
Care-giving to children (under 18 years)
No	1.00	1.00
Yes	1.95 [1.31–2.91]	0.96 [0.57–1.63]

Note: OR=Odds ratio; AOR=Adjusted Odds ratio, adjusted for age, sex, marital status, education, source of income, place of residency, household socio-economic status and care-giving.