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. 2013 Oct;347(1):80–90. doi: 10.1124/jpet.113.204933

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Upregulation of PDE4 enzymes during cholestatic liver injury. (A) Hepatic mRNA levels in rats subjected to BDL 1, 2,, and 4 weeks after surgery were quantified using real-time PCR represented as fold change over sham-operated rats. Data represent means ± S.D. (n = 5–8). (B) Protein levels of hepatic PDE4A, B, and D isoforms 2 weeks after BDL as measured by immunoblot. (C) Increase in hepatic PDE4 activity caused by BDL after 2 weeks. Data represent means ± S.D. (n = 5–8). Sham, sham-operated animals; 1w, 2w, and 4w, animals sacrificed 1, 2, and 4 weeks after BDL surgery. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001, compared with sham-operated animals.