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. 2013 Sep 17;62(10):3448–3458. doi: 10.2337/db13-0052

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© 2013 by the American Diabetes Association.

Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ for details.

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FIG. 6. — GKA ameliorates ER stress–induced apoptosis via IRS-2–independent pathway. Islets from C57BL/6J mice (aged 8 weeks) were incubated with 1 μmol/L thapsigargin (Thaps) and 30 μmol/L GKA (Cpd A) at 5.6 (A–C) or 11.1 mmol/L (A) glucose for 24 h. A: mRNA expression levels in the islets (n = 6). B, left: The immunoprecipitated or total cell extracts from the islets were subjected to immunoblotting as indicated. B, right: Intensity of the signals quantified by densitometry (n = 4). C, top: The total cell extracts from the islets were subjected to immunoblotting as indicated. C, bottom: Intensity of the signals quantified by densitometry (n = 4). D: Islets of C57BL/6J mice (aged 8 weeks) were incubated with 30 μmol/L GKA or 1 μmol/L Thaps at 5.6 mmol/L glucose for 24 h in the presence of 20 μmol/L U0126 (MEK inhibitor). The mRNA expression levels (n = 6). E and F: Islets of WT (IRS-2^+/+) or IRS-2^−/− mice were incubated with 1 μmol/L Thaps and 30 μmol/L GKA for 24 h at 5.6 mmol/L glucose. E: mRNA expression levels in the islets (n = 6). F: Number of TUNEL-positive β-cells in the islets (at least 30 islets per indicated group). G: IRS-2^+/+;Akita, IRS-2^+/−;Akita, or IRS-2^−/−;Akita mice were fed standard diet containing GKA from day 19 to 33 after birth. The proportion of TUNEL-positive cells is shown as a percentage of the total number of insulin-positive cells in the pancreas sections (aged 33 days, n = 4–7). *P < 0.05. IB, immunoblotting; IP, immunoprecipitation.