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. 2013 Jul 16;47(15):8862–8868. doi: 10.1021/es401346d

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Time courses for the abundance of populations of Culex pipiens larvae in the absence of the competitor Daphnia magna (A) and in the presence of the competitor Daphnia magna (B) and the biomass of Daphnia in the presence of Culex pipiens (C), presented as the mean values between two successive pesticide pulses. Biomass of Daphnia is shown as measure for competition strength. Test organisms were exposed to five successive pulses of different thiacloprid concentrations at days 25, 67, 144, 214, and 277 for (A) and at days 25, 81, 144, 214, and 277 for (B and C). Asterisks indicate a significant difference from the control (p < 0.05, ANOVA followed by a Dunnett’s post hoc multiple-comparison test).