Table 1.
Paracrine factors secreted by bone marrow-derived stem cells and their paracrine effects
| Cells | Paracrine factors |
Investigated paracrine effects
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myocardial protection | Neovascularization | Cardiac regeneration | References | ||
| BM-MNCs | VEGF | X (antiapoptotic effect) | X | 36 | |
| VEGF, PDGF, IGF-1 | X | 33 | |||
| BMCs | VEGF, bFGF, SDF11, IGF-1 | X (antiapoptotic effect) | 37 | ||
| VEGF, bFGF, HGF, IGF-1 | X (antiapoptotic effect) | X | X (cardiomyocyte proliferation) | 38 | |
| MSCs | bFGF, VEGF, SDF-1 | X (antiapoptotic effect) | X | 39 | |
| VEGF, bFGF, HGF, IGF-1 | X (antifibrotic effect) | X | X | 29, 40 | |
| MSCs-CM | VEGF, bFGF, IGF-1, SDF-1 | X (antifibrotic effect) | X | X | 28–30,41–42 |
| VEGF, HGF | X (antifibrotic effect) | X | 43 | ||
| MSCs-CM | Sfrp2 | X (antiapoptotic effect) | 35 | ||
Abbreviations: BM-MNCs, bone marrow mononuclear cells; BMCs, total bone marrow cells; MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells; CM, conditioned media; bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; IGF-1, insulin growth factor 1; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; SDF-1, stromal-derived factor 1.