Table 1.

Summary of a selection of terms and concepts used and/or introduced in this article. The right column of the table provides a brief definition of each term

Term	Definition
Materiomics	The systematic study of the complete material system and the effect on the macroscopic function and failure in a mechanical context, linking processes, structure, and properties at multiple scales, through a materials science perspective, integrating experimental, theoretical, and computational methods. A portmanteau of ‘material’ and the suffix ‘omics’ which refers to ‘all constituents considered collectively’
Materiome	A holistic characterization of a material system, consisting of the material constituents (elemental building blocks and/or structural units), the cross-scale SPP relations (see definition below), and the resulting functionalities/requirements across all levels of hierarchy, from nano to macro
Hierarchical system	A system composed of stable, observable subelements that are unified by a superordinate relation. Thereby, lower level details affect higher levels and thus the overall system behavior. A common characteristic of biological materials
Complexity	The existence of many interacting components and leads to emerging nonlinear behavior of a system. Complexity in a material system (ie, a complex materiome) necessitates the quantification of cross-scale interactions and mechanisms, which cannot be deduced from general scaling relations
UDP	The analysis of materials systems based on the recognition of the universality of structural elements (building blocks) and potential diversity of fundamental functional mechanisms and material behavior
SPP relation	The interplay and underlying correlation between a material system’s structure (geometry and material components), resulting properties (stiffness, strength, stability, etc.), and mechanistic processes (including stress transfer, deformation, and eventual failure). The ultimate functionality of the materiome is differentiated from that of the constituent material by the SPP relations
Multiscale techniques	Investigative methods, encompassing theoretical, experimental, and computational approaches, which probe material properties across a multitude of length scales. Multiscale techniques aim to establish cross-scale interactions and mechanisms that elucidate SPP relations that supplement material characterization and properties at a single scale level
Fine-trains-coarse approach	A bottom-up approach to multiscale model development where parameterization of material behavior at one level (coarse) is fitted from a more sophisticated and robust analysis at a smaller scale (fine), such as fitting molecular force field parameters from quantum mechanical results. Allows efficient computation of subsequent scales with a logical basis in first principles theories
Applied materiomics	Practical applications of materiomic techniques and approaches beyond the investigation of material system phenomenon and system characterization. Includes the development of de novo materials or the synthesis and manipulation of biological materials (materiomic engineering), as well as a diagnostic tool for disease and afflictions with mechanistic symptoms (pathological materiomics)
Pathological materiomics	The characterization of material properties as manifested for example by genetic disease (eg, point mutations and cellular defects), viral infections (eg, malaria), or injuries/trauma that have a pathological basis in materials behavior, resulting in failure of the material system’s intended function, linking fundamental molecular effects to macroscopic physiological response
Materiomic engineering	Materiomic approaches to material system synthesis by utilization of hierarchical structures, self-assembly and/or self-organization processes, and knowledge of the entire materiome of the designed system to explicitly tune mechanistic parameters and behavior, controlling nanoscale components and attain desired macroscopic responses