Table 3.
Patients clinical finding on arrival time (at ED).
| Characteristics | Total | NLTX | Placebo | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 27 | n = 27 | |||
| Loss of Consciousness | ||||
| Nil | 28 (51.9%) | 16 (59.3%) | 12 (44.4%) | 0.15‡ |
| Grade I | 17 (31.5%) | 9 (33.3%) | 8 (29.6%) | |
| Grade II | 6 (11.1%) | 1 (3.7%) | 5 (18.5%) | |
| Grade III | 1 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (3.7%) | |
| Grade IV | 2 (3.7%) | 1 (3.7%) | 1 (3.7%) | |
| Heart rate (Beat/min) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 84 ± 14 | 85 ± 12 | 83 ± 17 | 0.71† |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 114 ± 15 | 112 ± 13 | 117 ± 16 | 0.26† |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 74 ± 9 | 73 ± 8 | 74 ± 11 | 0.47† |
| Temperature (°C) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 37 ± 0.2 | 36.9 ± 0.3 | 37 ± 0.1 | 0.40† |
| Pupil size | ||||
| Normal | 12 (22.2%) | 7 (25.9%) | 5 (18.5%) | 0.51** |
| Miosis | 42 (77.8%) | 20 (74.1%) | 22 (81.5%) | |
| Mydriasis | 1 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (3.7%) | |
| Dyspnea | 21 (38.9%) | 11 (40.7%) | 10 (37.0%) | 0.78* |
| Cyanosis | 13 (24.1%) | 7 (25.9%) | 6 (22.2%) | >0.99* |
| Bradypnea | 25 (46.3%) | 9 (33.3%) | 10 (37%) | 0.79* |
| Tachypnea (RR > 32/min) | 2 (3.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (7.4%) | 0.49** |
| Apnea occurrence | 8 (14.8%) | 3 (11.1%) | 5 (18.5%) | 0.70** |
| Respiratory depression | 21 (38.9%) | 9 (33.3%) | 12 (44.4%) | 0.40* |
| Taking naloxone | 19 (35.2%) | 9 (33.3%) | 10 (37.0%) | 0.78* |
| Naloxone doses (mg) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 1.4 ± 1.5 | 0.6 ± 0.4 | 2.2 ± 1.7 | <0.01‡ |
| ABG | ||||
| pH | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 7.32 ± 0.08 | 7.34 ± 0.07 | 7.3 ± 0.09 | 0.05† |
| pCO2 (mmHg) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 53 ± 10 | 50.6 ± 9 | 55.3 ± 10.6 | 0.09† |
| HCO3 (mmHg) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 26.7 ± 4.2 | 27 ± 4.4 | 26.4 ± 4.1 | 0.61† |
| paO2 (mmHg) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 48.4 ± 15.2 | 45.4 ± 16.1 | 51.6 ± 13.9 | 0.15† |
| O2 Saturation (%) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 85 ± 7 | 89 ± 5 | 82 ± 7 | 0.13‡ |
†Student's t-test. ‡Mann-Whitney U test. ED: emergency department, ABG: arterial blood gases.
*Chi-Square test. **Fisher's exact test.