Table 1.

Sex differences in heart disease mortality among diabetics based on three early U.S. prospective population-based studies

Study	Period	Age range	No. Diabetics	Deaths*	Risk†	Adjusted risk
						Male	Female
Rancho Bernardo	1972–80	40–79	343	24	CSR	2.4	3.5
Framingham	1948–68	45–74	≠	≠	RR	1.7	3.3
Evans County	1967–74	≠	158	7	SMR	1	2.8

^*Evans County identified coronary heart disease, Framingham identified cardiovascular disease, and Rancho Bernardo identified ischemic heart disease[41].

^†CSR, Cox standardized risk ratio; RR, relative risk; SMR, standardized mortality ratio.

^≠Not given in study