Table 2.
Information about ethnomedicinal practices recorded from residents in the research area.
| Liver disorders | Scientific name | Korean name | Number of mentions | Kind | Used part | Preparation | Application | FL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fatigue recovery | Plecoglossus altivelis Temminck et Schlegel | Euneo | 1 | Animal | Whole part | Sashimi | Oral | 100.0 |
| Vespa mandarinia (Cameron) | Jangsumalbeol | 12 | Animal | Hive, imago, larva | Dissolution | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Vespula flaviceps lewisii (Cameron) | Ttangbeol | 18 | Animal | Hive, imago, larva | Dissolution | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Hangover | Hovenia dulcis Thunb. | Heotgaenamu | 4 | Plant | Fruit, leaf | Decoction | Oral | 3.2 |
| Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC. | Minari | 4 | Plant | Aerial part | Maceration | Oral | 10.3 | |
| Hepatitis | Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss.: Fr.) Karst. | Yeongjibeoseot | 1 | Fungi | Whole part | Decoction | Oral | 100.0 |
| Plantago asiatica L. | Jilgyeongi | 2 | Plant | Leaf | Decoction | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe) | Huinjeombagikkonmuji | 10 | Animal | Larva | Decoction | Oral | 21.7 | |
| Sedum sarmentosum Bunge | Dollamul | 18 | Plant | Whole part | Juice | Oral | 22.5 | |
| Sophora flavescens Solander ex Aiton | Gosam | 7 | Plant | Root | Pill | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Viola mandshurica W. Becker | Jebikkot | 2 | Plant | Whole part | Decoction | Oral | 50.0 | |
| Jaundice | Actinidia arguta (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq. | Darae | 3 | Plant | Sap | Raw | Oral | 100.0 |
| Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Decne. | Eureumdeonggul | 4 | Plant | Stem | Decoction | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Artemisia capillaris Thunb. | Sacheolssuk | 344 | Plant | Aerial part, leaf, stem, whole part | A sweet drink made from fermented rice, brewing, decoction, dried, grain syrup, infusion, juice, pill, simmer | Oral | 75.6 | |
| Artemisia gmelinii Weber ex Stechm. | Deowijigi | 1 | Plant | Whole part | A sweet drink made from fermented rice, brewing, infusion | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Artemisia princeps Pamp. | Ssuk | 10 | Plant | Leaf | Rubbing | Topical | 83.3 | |
| Aster scaber Thunb. | Chamchwi | 8 | Plant | Leaf | Parboiled | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Bombyx mori (Linne) | Nuenabang | 1 | Animal | Larva | Dried, powder, steam | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Caragana sinica (Buc'hoz) Rehder | Goldamcho | 8 | Plant | Root | A sweet drink made from fermented rice | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Catalpa ovata G. Don | Gaeodong | 1 | Plant | Root | Decoction | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Cucumis melo var. makuwa Makino | Chamoe | 19 | Plant | Fruit, peduncle | Dried, powder | Topical | 100.0 | |
| Equus caballus Linn. | Mal | 8 | Animal | Hide, meat | Infusion, raw | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) RonseDecr. | Hojanggeun | 2 | Plant | Root | Decoction | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Gloydius blomhoffii brevicaudus Stejneger | Salmosa | 1 | Animal | Whole part | Raw | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Gloydius saxatilis Emelianov | Kkachisalmosa | 1 | Animal | Whole part | Raw | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Gloydius ussuriensis Emelianov | Soesalmosa | 1 | Animal | Whole part | Raw | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon (L.) Asch. | Bori | 31 | Plant | Malt, seed | A sweet drink made from fermented rice, tea | Oral | 66.0 | |
| Incilaria bilineata (Benson) | Mindalpaengi | 3 | Animal | Whole part | Dried, dissolution, maceration, roast | Oral | 75.0 | |
| Leonurus japonicus Houtt. | Ingmocho | 16 | Plant | Aerial part | A sweet drink made from fermented rice, infusion, juice, pill, tea | Oral | 80.0 | |
| Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC. | Minari | 8 | Plant | Aerial part, leaf, stem | Seasoned cooked vegetables, juice | Oral | 20.5 | |
| Oryza sativa L. | Byeo | 10 | Plant | Seed | A sweet drink made from fermented rice | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Pelodiscus sinensis Wiegmann | Jara | 1 | Animal | Whole part | Simmer | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Plantago asiatica L. | Jilgyeongi | 2 | Plant | Leaf | Decoction | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe) | Huinjeombagikkonmuji | 3 | Animal | Whole part | Dried, panbroiled, powder | Oral | 6.5 | |
| Sasa borealis (Hack.) Makino | Joritdae | 3 | Plant | Root | Decoction | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Viola mandshurica W. Becker | Jebikkot | 2 | Plant | Whole part | Decoction | Oral | 50.0 | |
| Liver cancer | Allomyrina dichotoma (Linne) | Jangsupungdengi | 3 | Animal | Larva | Dried, infusion, pill, powder, steam | Oral | 20.0 |
| Breea segeta (Willd.) Kitam. f. segeta | Jobaengi | 2 | Plant | Root | Decoction | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Bupleurum falcatum var. scorzoneraefolium (Willd.) Ledeb. | Chamsiho | 2 | Plant | Whole part | Decoction | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Cetonia pilifera (Motschulsky) | Kkonmuji | 5 | Animal | Larva, whole part | Dried, infusion, panbroiled, pill, powder, simmer | Oral | 38.5 | |
| Cirsium japonicum var. maackii (Maxim.) Matsum. | Eonggeongkwi | 2 | Plant | Root | Decoction | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Fomes fomentarius (L.: Fr.) Fr. | Malgupbeoseot | 1 | Fungi | Whole part | Infusion | Oral | 20.0 | |
| Formica yessensis Wheeler | Bulgaemi | 1 | Animal | Whole part | Decoction, simmer | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Gallus gallus domesticus Linn. | Dak | 1 | Animal | Whole part | Decoction, simmer | Oral | 11.1 | |
| Meles meles melanogenys Allen & Andrew. | Osori | 1 | Animal | Gall bladder | Dried, mixed in liquor | Oral | 50.0 | |
| Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe) | Huinjeombagikkonmuji | 5 | Animal | Larva, whole part | Dried, infusion, panbroiled, powder, pill, simmer | Oral | 10.9 | |
| Protaetia mandschuriensis (Schurhoff) | Manjujeombagikkonmuji | 5 | Animal | Larva, whole part | Dried, infusion, panbroiled, powder, pill, simmer | Oral | 38.5 | |
| Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz. var. mucronulatum | Jindallae | 2 | Plant | Flower | Fermentation | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Scolopendra subspinipes mutilan L. Koch | Jine | 2 | Animal | Whole part | Decoction, simmer | Oral | 33.3 | |
| Liver cirrhosis | Bupleurum falcatum L. | Siho | 2 | Plant | Root | Decoction | Oral | 100.0 |
| Cetonia pilifera (Motschulsky) | Kkonmuji | 4 | Animal | Larva, whole part | Dried, panbroiled, powder, simmer | Oral | 30.8 | |
| Cryptotympana dubia (Haupt) | Malmaemi | 2 | Animal | Larva | Dried, powder, pill | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Fomes fomentarius (L.: Fr.) Fr. | Malgupbeoseot | 1 | Fungi | Whole part | Decoction | Oral | 20.0 | |
| Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata (Motschulsky) | Yujimaemi | 3 | Animal | Larva | Dried, powder, pill | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Leptosemia takanonis (Matsumura) | Soyosanmaemi | 2 | Animal | Larva | Dried, powder, pill | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Meimuna opalifera (Walker) | Aemaemi | 2 | Animal | Larva | Dried, powder, pill | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC. | Minari | 2 | Plant | Aerial part | Juice | Oral | 5.1 | |
| Oncotympana fuscata (Distant) | Chammaemi | 2 | Animal | Larva | Dried, powder, pill | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Platypleura kaempferi (Fabricius) | Teolmaemi | 2 | Animal | Larva | Dried, powder, pill | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe) | Huinjeombagikkonmuji | 4 | Animal | Larva, whole part | Dried, panbroiled, powder, simmer | Oral | 8.7 | |
| Protaetia mandschuriensis (Schurhoff) | Manjujeombagikkonmuji | 4 | Animal | Larva, whole part | Dried, panbroiled, powder, simmer | Oral | 30.8 | |
| Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch | Jine | 2 | Animal | Whole part | Dried, powder, pill | Oral | 33.3 | |
| Liver-related ailments | Acer tegmentosum Maxim. | Sangyeoreumnamu | 3 | Plant | Stem | Decoction, tea | Oral | 100.0 |
| Adenocaulon himalaicum Edgew. | Myeolgachi | 2 | Plant | Whole part | Juice | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Allomyrina dichotoma (Linne) | Jangsupungdengi | 12 | Animal | Larva, whole part | Dissolution, dried, extraction, infusion, panbroiled, powder, roast, simmer | Oral | 80.0 | |
| Artemisia capillaris Thunb. | Sacheolssuk | 111 | Plant | Aerial part, leaf, whole part | A sweet drink made from fermented rice, decoction, grain syrup, infusion, juice, pill, simmer | Oral | 24.4 | |
| Artemisia princeps Pamp. | Ssuk | 2 | Plant | Whole part | Juice | Oral | 16.7 | |
| Canis lupus familiaris Linn. | Gae | 1 | Animal | Whole part | Infusion | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Capsella bursapastoris (L.) L.W.Medicus | Naengi | 24 | Plant | Whole part | Juice, seasoned cooked vegetables, soup | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Cetonia pilifera (Motschulsky) | Kkonmuji | 4 | Animal | Larva | Dried, panbroiled, powder, simmer | Oral | 30.8 | |
| Citrus junos Siebold ex Tanaka | Yujanamu | 6 | Plant | Fruit | Decoction | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Citrus natsudaidai Hayata | Hagyul | 6 | Plant | Fruit | Maceration | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Citrus tenuissima Tanaka. | Dangyujanamu | 10 | Plant | Fruit | Decoction | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Corbicula (Corbicula) japonica Prime | Ilbonjaecheop | 8 | Animal | Whole part | Simmer | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Cudrania tricuspidata (Carr.) Bureau ex Lavallee | Kkujippongnamu | 43 | Plant | Bark, stem | A sweet drink made from fermented rice, decoction, infusion | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Dendranthema indicum (L.) DesMoul. | Gamguk | 3 | Plant | Flower | Decoction | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Dendropanax morbiferus H. Lev. | Hwangchillamu | 4 | Plant | Leaf, stem | Decoction | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke | Baemttalgi | 2 | Plant | Fruit | Decoction | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus (Rupr. & Maxim.) S. Y. Hu | Ogalpinamu | 19 | Plant | Fruit, stem | Extraction, infusion | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Equisetum hyemale L. | Soksae | 2 | Plant | Stem | Decoction | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. | Duchung | 2 | Plant | Stem | Decoction | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Felis catus Linn. | Goyangi | 1 | Animal | Whole part | Simmer | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Fomes fomentarius (L.: Fr.) Fr. | Malgupbeoseot | 3 | Fungi | Whole part | Decoction | Oral | 60.0 | |
| Gallus gallus domesticus Linn. | Dak | 8 | Animal | Whole part | Infusion | Oral | 88.9 | |
| Glycine max (L.) Merr. | Kong | 2 | Plant | Seed | Steeped in vinegar | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Hedera rhombea (Miq.) Bean | Songak | 2 | Plant | Fruit | Decoction | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon (L.) Asch. | Bori | 16 | Plant | Malt | A sweet drink made from fermented rice, pill | Oral | 34.0 | |
| Houttuynia cordata Thunb. | Yangmomil | 5 | Plant | Whole part | Decoction, infusion | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Hovenia dulcis Thunb. | Heotgaenamu | 121 | Plant | Fruit, leaf, stem | Decoction, infusion, tea | Oral | 96.8 | |
| Incilaria bilineata (Benson) | Mindalpaengi | 1 | Animal | Whole part | Dissolution, dried, powder | Oral | 25.0 | |
| Ixeridium dentatum (Thunb. ex Mori) Tzvelev | Sseumbagwi | 5 | Plant | Whole part, young leaf | Juice | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb.) Koidz. | Eumnamu | 9 | Plant | Stem | Decoction, infusion | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Leonurus japonicus Houtt. | Ingmocho | 4 | Plant | Aerial part | Infusion, pill | Oral | 20.0 | |
| Lycium chinense Mill. | Gugijanamu | 8 | Plant | Fruit | Infusion | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Meles meles melanogenys Allen & Andrew. | Osori | 1 | Animal | Gall bladder | Brewing | Oral | 50.0 | |
| Nyctereutes procyonoides Koreensis Mori. | Neoguri | 2 | Animal | Gall bladder | Brewing | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC. | Minari | 25 | Plant | Aerial part, stem, whole part | Juice | Oral | 64.1 | |
| Orostachys japonica (Maxim.) A.Berger | Bawisol | 2 | Plant | Whole part | Decoction, juice | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Paeonia lactiflora Pall. | Jagyak | 2 | Plant | Root | Decoction, roast | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Phasianus colchicus Linn. | Kkwong | 1 | Animal | Whole part | Soup | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Phellinus linteus (Berk. et Curt.) Teng | Mokjiljinheukbeoseot | 3 | Fungi | Whole part | Decoction | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc. | Sonamu | 4 | Plant | Leaf | Dried, powder, steam | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe) | Huinjeombagikkonmuji | 24 | Animal | Larva, whole part | Decoction, dissolution, dried, extraction, panbroiled, powder, simmer | Oral | 52.2 | |
| Protaetia mandschuriensis (Schurhoff) | Manjujeombagikkonmuji | 4 | Animal | Larva | Dried, panbroiled, powder, simmer | Oral | 30.8 | |
| Prunus padus L. for. padus | Gwirungnamu | 2 | Plant | Stem | Decoction | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi | Chik | 1 | Plant | Root | Decoction | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Sanguisorba officinalis L. | Oipul | 2 | Plant | Root | Decoction | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. | Omija | 6 | Plant | Fruit, root, stem | Brewing | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch | Jine | 2 | Animal | Whole part | Dissolution, dried, powder | Oral | 33.3 | |
| Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi | Hwanggeum | 1 | Plant | Root | Decoction | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Sedum sarmentosum Bunge | Dollamul | 62 | Plant | Aerial part | Juice, maceration, powder, raw, seasoned cooked vegetables, watery plain kimchi | Oral | 77.5 | |
| Semisulcospira coreana (Martens) | Chamdaseulgi | 11 | Animal | Whole part | Clear soup with flour dumplings, infusion, juice, simmer | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Semisulcospira forticosta (Martens) | Jureumdaseulgi | 23 | Animal | Whole part | Clear soup with flour dumplings, infusion, juice, simmer | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Semisulcospira libertina (Gould) | Daseulgi | 30 | Animal | Body, whole part | Clear soup with flour dumplings, infusion, juice, soup, simmer | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Sorbus commixta Hedl. | Magamok | 10 | Plant | Fruit, leaf, stem | Decoction, tea | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Sus scrofa Linn. | Metdwaeji | 6 | Animal | Gall bladder | Dissolution, juice | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Taraxacum platycarpum Dahlst. | Mindeulle | 192 | Plant | Aerial part, leaf, whole part | A sweet drink made from fermented rice, decoction, dried, extraction, infusion, juice, kimchi, raw, seasoned cooked vegetables, simmer, tea | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Trachelospermum asiaticum (Siebold & Zucc.) Nakai var. asiaticum | Masakjul | 4 | Plant | Leaf, stem | Decoction | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (Rehder) Nakai | Neureumnamu | 8 | Plant | Bark | Decoction | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Ursus thibetanus ussuricus Heude | Bandalgaseumgom | 1 | Animal | Flesh | Infusion | Oral | 100.0 | |
| Zingiber mioga (Thunb.) Roscoe | Yangha | 2 | Plant | Whole part | Juice | Oral | 100.0 |