Table 1.

Withdrawal/conversion study

Study (yr)	Intervention arm	Control arm	CNI sparing strategy	Study length (mo)
RMR (2004)	SRL, Steroids, CsA→Withdrawal by 3 mo (n = 215)	SRL, Steroids, CsA (n = 215)	Withdrawal by 3 mo	48
Spare the Nephron (2011)	MMF, S, CNI→SRL (30-180 d) (n = 148)	MMF, S, CNI (n = 151)	Conversion by 30-180 d	24
CONCEPT (2009)	MMF, S, CsA→SRL by 3 mo (n = 95)	MMF, S, CsA (n = 97)	Conversion by 3 mo	12
SMART (2010)	MMF, S, CsA→SRL 10-24 d (n = 70)	MMF, S, CsA (n = 71)	Conversion by 10-24 d	12
ZEUS (2012)	EC-MPS, S, CsA→EVR by 4.5 d (n = 154)	EC-MPS, S, CsA (n = 146)	Conversion by 4.5 mo	36
HERAKLES (2012)	EC-MPS, S, CsA→EVR by 3 mo (n = 171)	EC-MPS, S, CsA (n = 166)	Conversion by 3 mo	12

CNI: Calcineurin inhibitor; CsA: Cyclosporine; EVR: Everolimus; MMF: Mycophenolate mofetil; EC-MPS: Enteric coated mycophenolate sodium; SRL: Sirolimus; S: Steroids.