Table 4.
Post Hoc Description (Means and Percentages) of Adolescents Violent at Wave I
| Violence at Baseline |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Violent | Nonviolent | p | |
| Community level | |||
| Racial dispersion (M) | 0.29** | 0.25 | .009 |
| Poverty (M) | 0.13 | 0.13 | .683 |
| Urban area | 0.12 | 0.39 | .318 |
| Parental and peer influences | |||
| Parental Involvement (Mean) | 5.57 | 5.85 | .056 |
| Parental alcohol use | 0.59 | 0.58 | .377 |
| Peer alcohol use | 0.71*** | 0.53 | <.001 |
| Peer marijuana use | 0.52*** | 0.31 | <.001 |
| Individual-level risk factors | |||
| Alcohol use | 0.74*** | 0.53 | <.001 |
| Marijuana use | 0.49*** | 0.25 | <.001 |
| Other drug use | 0.24*** | 0.10 | <.001 |
| Intention to attend college | 0.60*** | 0.74 | <.001 |
| Desire to leave home | 0.46*** | 0.33 | <.001 |
| Depression | 0.47*** | 0.40 | <.001 |
| Group fighting | 0.50*** | 0.15 | <.001 |
| Demographics | |||
| Male | 0.68*** | 0.42 | <.001 |
| Age (M) | 15.27 | 15.16 | .117 |
| White | 0.66*** | 0.75 | <.001 |
| African American or Black | 0.25*** | 0.17 | <.001 |
| Hispanic or Latino | 0.14 | 0.11 | .025 |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 0.06** | 0.03 | .003 |
| Native American | 0.02** | 0.03 | .005 |
Note. Participants were considered violent at baseline if they reported any of the violence items that were used to estimate violence trajectories: shot or stabbed someone, used knife or gun in a fight, or hurt someone badly enough to need care from a doctor or nurse. The Wave IV weighting variable used for these analysis.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.