| Price promotions (n=34) |
Simple discounts - price restructuring in discrete settings |
13 |
17 |
|
Multi-buy deals |
2 |
1 |
|
Price-pack deals |
0 |
1 |
|
Price deals |
0 |
0 |
|
Introductory pricing |
0 |
0 |
|
Couponing |
1 |
1 |
|
Rebates |
0 |
0 |
| Taxes (n=56) |
Agricultural commodity tax |
0 |
0 |
|
Fat tax |
8 |
5 |
|
Snack tax |
5 |
7 |
|
Calorie tax |
9 |
11 |
|
Soft drinks tax |
18 |
12 |
|
Sugar tax |
3 |
2 |
|
Tax exemptions |
3 |
1 |
| Supply-side subsidies (n=47) |
Agricultural commodities |
0 |
3 |
|
Agricultural commodities – subsidy removal |
1 |
2 |
|
School meals |
20 |
4 |
|
Other meals |
1 |
0 |
|
Healthy foods |
9 |
7 |
|
Healthy non-alcoholic beverages |
3 |
6 |
|
Specific nutrients |
3 |
1 |
|
Food transportation or delivery |
1 |
1 |
| Direct unit pricing legislation (n=0) |
Minimum pricing legislation |
0 |
0 |
|
Maximum pricing legislation |
0 |
0 |
| Transfer payments (n=80) |
Restricted income transfers, welfare benefits or welfare assistance programs |
62 |
16 |
|
Unrestricted income transfers, welfare benefits or welfare assistance programs |
3 |
1 |
|
Tax credits |
0 |
0 |
