BDNF improves hippocampal-dependent learning. Transgenic mice that receive Lenti-BDNF vector injections into the entorhinal cortex (APP-BDNF) exhibit improvement in a hippocampal-dependent contextual fear conditioning task. A, WT exhibit ∼40% freezing in response to a tone paired with a shock. Transgenic mice that receive control, Lenti-GFP vector injections into the entorhinal cortex (APP-GFP) exhibit a significant reduction in freezing, indicating impaired learning of the hippocampal-dependent task. Transgenic mice that receive BDNF injections into the entorhinal cortex (APP-BDNF) exhibit significant improvement in contextual fear conditioning relative to APP-GFP mice and do not differ significantly from WT mice. *p < 0.05, APP-GFP mice versus WT or APP-BDNF mice. B, On a version of the fear-conditioning task that does not depend on hippocampal circuitry, cued fear conditioning, there are no differences between groups (ANOVA, p = 0.4).