Table 2.
A summary of maternal separation studies of voluntary ethanol consumption in rodents
| Experimental conditions | EtOH intake | References | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Animals | MS procedure | EtOH paradigm | MS <15 vs control | MS >60 vs control | ||
| Studies in support of prolonged MS as risk and short MS as protection | Long-Evans rats adult male | LW PND 2–14 | 8 % EtOH + sucrose 3 days | 15 = AFR | 180 > 15, AFR | Huot et al. (2001) |
| Wistar rats adult male | LW PND 1–21 | 2–8 % EtOH 4 weeks | 15 < AFR (2–8 %) 15 = AFR (8 %) | 360 > 15 (2–8 %) 360 > AFR (8 %) | Ploj et al. (2003a) | |
| Long-Evans rats adult male | LW PND 2–14 | 8 % EtOH + sucrose 5 days | 15 = AFR, MS0 15 < NH | 180 > 15 180 = AFR, MS0 180 < NH | Jaworski et al. (2005) | |
| Wistar rats adult male | LW PND 1–21 | 5 + 10 + 20 % EtOH 8 weeks | 15 = AFR (tot intake) 15 < AFR (20 %) | 360 = 15 (tot intake) 360 > 15 (20 %) | Gustafsson and Nylander (2006) | |
| Wistar rats adult male | LW PND 1–21 | 5 + 20 % EtOH 5 weeks | 15 = MS0 | 360 = 15, MS0 (tot intake) 360 ↑ intake over time | Daoura et al. (2011) | |
| Wistar rats adult male | LW; IND PND 5–10; 11–20 | 5 % EtOH 12 days | 15 < AFR | 60 > 15 60 = AFR | Hilakivi-Clarke et al. (1991) | |
| AA rats late adolescent male | LW PND 1–21 | 2–10 % EtOH 3 weeks | 15 < AFR (8–10 %) | 360 > 15 (8–10 %) 360 = AFR | Roman et al. (2003) | |
| AA rats adult male | LW PND 1–21 | 2–10 % EtOH 6 weeks | 15 = AFR (8–10 %) | 360 > 15, AFR (8–10 %) | Roman et al. (2005) | |
| CFW mice young adult male | LW PND 1–14 | 6 + 10 % EtOH + saccharin 10 days | – | 360 = AFR (6 %) 360 > AFR (10 %) | Cruz et al. (2008) | |
| CFW mice young adult male | LW PND 1–14 | 6 or 10 % EtOH operant self-adm | – | 360 > AFR (6 %) 360 > AFR (10 %) | Cruz et al. (2008) | |
| Wistar rats adult male | IND PND 2–15 | Saccharin fading; forced + voluntary 10 % EtOH | – | 2 × 180 > AFR (forced) 2 × 180 > AFR (voluntary) | Romano-Lopez et al. (2012) | |
| SD rats adult male and female | IND PND 1–14 | 2–9 % EtOH 7 weeks | 3 < AFR (5 % EtOH) | – | Weinberg (1987) | |
| Studies reporting no differences | Wistar rats adult male | LW PND 1–15 | 2–6 % EtOH 3 weeks | – | 240 = 5 | Marmendal et al. (2004) |
| Wistar rats adult female | LW PND 1–21 | 2–8 % EtOH 4 weeks | 15 = AFR | 360 = 15, AFR | Roman et al. (2004) | |
| Wistar rats adult female | LW PND 1–21 | 2–8 % EtOH 4 weeks | 15 = AFR | 360 = 15, AFR | Gustafsson et al. (2005) | |
| AA rats adult female | LW PND 1–21 | 2–10 % EtOH 7 weeks | 15 = AFR | 360 = 15, AFR | Roman et al. (2005) | |
| Wistar rats adult male | IND PND 1–21 | 2–8 % EtOH 7 weeks | 15 = AFR | 360 = 15, AFR | Oreland et al. (2011) | |
| Long-Evans rats adolescent male + female | IND PND 1–7 | 5 % EtOH; beer 9 weeks | 15 = NH 15 > NH (peripubertal males) | – | Lancaster (1998) | |
| Wistar rats adolescent male | LW PND 1–21 | 5 % + 20 % EtOH 5 weeks | 15 = MS0 | 360 = 15, MS0 | Daoura et al. (2011) | |
| C57BL/6J mice adult male + female | LW PND 2–14 | 5–20 % EtOH 9 weeks | – | 180 = 15 | Advani et al. (2007) | |
Maternal separation experiments included short (3–15 min) and prolonged (60–360 min) separation from the dam. All numbers represent the duration of the separation in minutes. <, >, and = indicate lower, higher or no difference in ethanol intake as compared to other groups
AA Alko Alcohol (selectively bred alcohol-preferring line), AFR animal facility rearing, CFW Swiss Webster, EtOH ethanol, IND individual MS, LW litter-wise MS, MS maternal separation, NH non-handling, PND postnatal day, SD Sprague–Dawley