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. 2013 Sep 3;19(34):6064–6093. doi: 10.2174/13816128113199990407

Fig. (2).

Fig. (2)

Preclinical effects for resveratrol. AMPK, adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase; APAF, apoptotic protease activating factor; Apo, apolipoprotein; Bad, Bcl-2-associated death promoter; Bak, Bcl-2-antagonist killer; Bax, Bcl-2-associated X protein; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; Bcl-xL, B-cell lymphoma-extra large; BFL-1/A1, Bcl-2-related protein A1; Bid, BH3 interacting-domain death agonist; BH4, tetrahydrobiopterin; Bim, Bcl-2-like 11 apoptosis facilitator; CAT, catalase; cdk, cyclin-dependent kinase; cIAPs, inhibitor of apoptosis proteins; COX, cyclooxigenase; CREB, cAMP response elementbinding; CRP, C-reactive protein; Cyt-c, cytochrome C; E2F, transcription factor E2F; EGFR, endothelial growth factor receptor; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; ERK, extracellular signal regulated kinase; FFA, free fatty acids; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; FOXO, forkhead transcription factor; GCH1, GTP cyclohydrolase 1; GCLC, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; GRO-α/CXCL1, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1; GSH, glutathione; HDL-c, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A; HO-1, heme oxygenase-1; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model of insulin resistance; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; IFN-γ, interferon-gamma; IL, interleukin; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MAPKs, mitogen-activated protein kinases; MCP, monocyte chemotactic protein; MDA, malondialdehyde; MI, myocardial infarct; MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein; MMP, matrix metallopeptidase; MPO, myeloperoxidase; MTA, metastasis-associated protein; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B; NO, nitric oxide; NOX, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase; NQO, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate: quinone oxidoreductase; Nrf, nuclear factor-E2-related factor; p21Waf1/Cip1, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A; p27, cyclin dependant kinase inhibitor 27; p53, tumor protein 53; p70S6K, p70S6 kinase; PGC, peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-gamma coactivator; PKB, protein kinase B; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PKC, protein kinase C; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; Rb, retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene; ROS, reactive oxygen species; sCD40L, soluble CD40 ligand; SIRT1, sirtuin 1; SOD, superoxide dismutase; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; TG, triglycerides; TGF, transforming growth factor; TH, tyrosine hydroxylase; TIMP, tissue inhibitors of MMP; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alfa; Total-c, total cholesterol; TRAF, TNF receptor associated factor; TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand; Trx, thioredoxin; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion protein 1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; XIAP, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein; XO, xanthine oxidase. Effect is indicated by ↓ : reduction; ↑ : induction; p-: phosphorylate status.