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Subjects received blood draws prior to initiating treatment, and 2 hours after consuming the fourth and final treatment. Subjects received active agents (β-carotene, vitamins C and E, and Mg) in one arm of the study, and inactive (placebo) agents in the other arm of the study. Treatment order was randomly assigned, and treatment condition was masked to both the participants and the study team. All plasma analysis was contracted to a professional service provider: KAR Bioanalytics.
