Figure 2. Epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression.
A. Acetylation of histones by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) leads to increased gene expression, whereas histone deacetylation by histone deacetyltransferases (HDACs) leads to decreases in gene expression.
B. Methylation of DNA by DNA methyl transferases (DNMTs) leads to gene silencing.