Table 2. The effect of serum on the HIV enhancing of defensins.
| Serum | HD5 | HD6 | ||
| FBS (fold increase) | HS (fold increase) | FBS (fold increase) | HS (fold increase) | |
| 0 | 82.9±2.6 | 59.0±3.7 | 61.2±0.5 | 35.2±4.1 |
| 1% | 8.0±0.4 | 21±1.0 | 10.1±0.3 | 29.7±1.2 |
| 2% | 5.1±0.5 | 17.8±2.9 | 7.7±0.1 | 25.3±2.8 |
| 5% | 5.2±0.4 | 11.3±0.7 | 3.4±0.2 | 17.1±3.0 |
| 10% | 2.5±0.1 | 7.8±0.6 | 2.8±0.3 | 13.4±3.1 |
Pseudotyped HIV-1JR-FL luciferase reporter virus was incubated with or without defensins (5.6 µM) in the presence of FBS or human serum (HS) at various concentrations for 1 h. FBS or HS at a final concentration of 10% was added to the virus-defensin mixture before exposure to HeLa-CD4-CCR5. Luciferase activity was determined 48 h after infection. Results are expressed as fold increase compared to samples with the same concentration of FBS or HS in the absence of defensins. Assays were performed on triplicate cultures; results represent two independent experiments (mean ± SD).