Table 2. Combining the contact area with the force per area measurements to calculate maximum attainable forces under different conditions.
| R. pardalis | S. guttatus | |||||||
| Friction (dry) | ||||||||
| pads | belly | thigh | pads | belly | thigh | |||
| Area at 90° (mm2) | 65.1 | 72.4 | 108.1 | 20.1 | 38.8 | 119.1 | ||
| Force per area (mN mm2) | 1.5 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 3.0 | 7.3 | 6.9 | ||
| Force (Area×Force per area) | 98.3 | 74.5 | 53.0 | 60.9 | 284.1 | 820.3 | ||
| Total force (mN) | 225.8 | 1165 | ||||||
| Force required (at 90°) | 45.1 | 24.5 | ||||||
| Friction (wet) | ||||||||
| pads | belly | thigh | pads | belly | thigh | |||
| Area at 90° (mm2) | 65.1 | 72.4 | 108.1 | 20.1 | 38.8 | 119.1 | ||
| Force per area (mN mm2) | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | ||
| Force (Area×Force per area) | 11.1 | 23.9 | 28.1 | 2.2 | 3.9 | 35.7 | ||
| Total force (mN) | 63.1 | 41.8 | ||||||
| Force required (at 90°) | 45.1 | 24.5 | ||||||
| Adhesion (dry) | ||||||||
| pads | belly | thigh | pads | belly | thigh | |||
| Area at 180° (mm2) | 77.2 | 0 | 0 | 22.4 | 136.2 | 155.1 | ||
| Force per area (mN mm2) | 1.3 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 0.7 | ||
| Force (Area×Force per area) | 103.5 | 0 | 0 | 54.5 | 208.3 | 110.1 | ||
| Total force (mN) | 103.5 | 373.0 | ||||||
| Force required (at 180°) | 45.1 | 24.5 | ||||||
| Adhesion (wet) | ||||||||
| pads | belly | thigh | pads | belly | thigh | |||
| Area at 180° (mm2) | 77.2 | 0 | 0 | 22.4 | 136.2 | 155.1 | ||
| Force per area (mN mm2) | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | ||
| Force (Area×Force per area) | 17.8 | 0 | 0 | 2.9 | 39.5 | 46.5 | ||
| Total force (mN) | 17.8 | 88.9 | ||||||
| Force required (at 180°) | 45.1 | 24.5 | ||||||
Values are medians, as mean values were sometimes distorted by the occasional rogue value. All calculations were performed before reduction to a single decimal place.