. 2013 Sep;23:171–178. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.07.004

Table 3.

Association between neighbourhood air pollution and deprivation measures with ethnic differences in asthma.

	White UK^a	Black Caribbean	Nigerian and Ghanaian	Other African	Indian	Pakistani and Bangladeshi	Mixed White/Black Caribbean
	% (95%CI)	Odds Ratios compared to White (95%CI)
Baseline	39.9 (36.9, 43.0)	1.00 (0.83, 1.20)	0.69 (0.55, 0.85)^⁎	0.62 (0.49, 0.80)^⁎	0.61 (0.48, 0.77)^⁎	0.76 (0.61, 0.95)^⁎	1.22 (0.94, 1.59)

Baseline+PM_2.5 (quartiles)	40.4 (37.4, 43.6)	0.97 (0.80, 1.17)	0.66 (0.53, 0.82)^⁎	0.60 (0.47, 0.77)^⁎	0.60 (0.47, 0.75)^⁎	0.73 (0.58, 0.92)^⁎	1.19 (0.91, 1.55)
+ N’hood Deprivation	40.3 (37.2, 43.4)	0.98 (0.81, 1.18)	0.66 (0.53, 0.83)^⁎	0.61 (0.48, 0.78)^⁎	0.60 (0.47, 0.76)^⁎	0.74 (0.59, 0.93)^⁎	1.20 (0.92, 1.56)
+ Individual and family characteristics	37.9 (34.8, 41.2)	1.05 (0.86, 1.28)	0.78 (0.62, 0.99)^⁎	0.78 (0.60, 1.02)	0.69 (0.54, 0.88)^⁎	0.81 (0.64, 1.02)	1.16 (0.89, 1.52)

Baseline+PM₁₀ (quartiles)	40.5 (37.4, 43.6)	0.97 (0.80, 1.17)	0.66 (0.53, 0.82)^⁎	0.60 (0.47, 0.77)^⁎	0.59 (0.47, 0.75)^⁎	0.73 (0.58, 0.91)^⁎	1.19 (0.91, 1.55)
+ N’hood Deprivation	40.4 (37.3, 43.5)	0.97 (0.81, 1.18)	0.66 (0.53, 0.83)^⁎	0.61 (0.48, 0.78)^⁎	0.60 (0.47, 0.75)^⁎	0.73 (0.58, 0.92)^⁎	1.20 (0.92, 1.56)
+ Individual and family characteristics	38.1 (34.9, 41.3)	1.05 (0.86, 1.27)	0.78 (0.62, 0.99)^⁎	0.78 (0.60, 1.01)^⁎	0.68 (0.54, 0.87)^⁎	0.80 (0.63, 1.01)	1.16 (0.89, 1.52)

Baseline: ethnicity, sex, age.

Individual and family characteristics: migrant generational status, tobacco exposure (self and parental), socioeconomic status (standard of living, parental employment, household overcrowding), family history of asthma (parental and grandparental), BMI, family type; PM_2.5: particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm, PM₁₀: particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 µm.

^⁎

P<0.05 (compared to White); 95%CI=95% Confidence Interval.

Reference group.