Table 1.
Characteristics of the original study participants at baseline (N = 323)
| Group | ||
|---|---|---|
| Intervention N = 161 | Control N = 162 | |
| Age | 80.3 (6.7) | 79.6 (6.4) |
| Female, N (%) | 119 (73.9) | 120 (74.1) |
| Support Level 1 (lowest LTCI certification level), N (%) | 76 (47.2) | 79 (48.8) |
| Living alone, N (%) | 43 (26.7) | 47 (29.0) |
| ADLsa, Mean (SD) | 90.2 (11.7) | 91.4 (12.2) |
| Type of health care insurance | ||
| Prefecture-level health insurance of elders aged at least 74 years, N (%) | 130 (80.8) | 127 (78.4) |
| Municipality-level health insurance, N (%) | 24 (14.9) | 26 (16.0) |
| Employee-based health insurance, N (%) | 4 (2.5) | 5 (3.1) |
| Public assistance, N (%) | 3 (1.9) | 4 (2.5) |
aADLs were measured using the Barthel Index. The scores ranged from 0, which represents an unfavorable ADL, to 100, which represents a favorable ADL