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Production of IL-1β (a), IL-6 (b), and TNFα (c) of PBMC of the 20 blood donors (14 healthy individuals without titanium dental implants = open bar and 6 with symptom-free titanium dental implants = closed bar) after stimulation with titanium particles in anatase and rutile structures (5 × 10−4 M, 1 × 10−4 M, 5 × 10−5 M) and the three metal discs over 6 days. Fold increase versus stimulation with medium alone is given.
