Table 1.

Effect of interleukin-4 on interferon-γ-induced stimulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase mRNA expression in cultured chorionic villi (From Kudo, et al. Mol Hum Reprod 2000;6:369-74, Oxford University Press [24])

Pieces of chorionic villi were cultured with 1,000 unit mL^-1 interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and/or 10 ng mL^-1 interleukin-4 or vehicle (control) for 36 hours. The levels of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase messenger RNA (mRNA) and glyceraldehyde phosphate 3-dehydrogenase mRNA were analysed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The intensity of either the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase or the glyceraldehydes phosphate 3-dehydrogenase band was quantitated and the ratio of the two was used as a normalised expression value of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase gene. Values are mean±standard deviation of three separate experiments performed with three placentae, expressed as percentage of control (i.e., values cultured with vehicle alone).

^a)Significantly different from control (P <0.001); ^b)Significantly different from IFN-γ (P <0.001).