Table 2.

Viral-induced negative regulators of the TLR3-TRIF axis

Target	Negative regulators	Virus	Function
TRIF	NS3-4A	HCV	Inhibits both NF-κB and IRF3 activation via its interaction with and cleavage of TRIF, leading to IFN-I inhibition.50
	3CD	HAV	Inhibits both NF-κB and IRF3 activation via its interaction with and cleavage of TRIF, leading to IFN-I inhibition.51
	3C Protease	CVB3	B 3C protease cleaves MAVS and TRIF to attenuate host type I interferon and apoptotic signalling.52
	3C Protease	EV71	3C cleaves TRIF to attenuate the antiviral response mediated by the TLR3 pathway.53
	RTA	KSHV	Replication and transcription Factor (RTA) mediates degradation of TRIF through the ubiquitin-mediated proteosome pathway.54
	TRIM38	SeV	Induces the expression of cellular TRIM38 upon infection, down-regulating TRIF and further downstream signalLing cascades.35
	M protein	SARS-CoV	M prevents the formation of the TRAF3-TANK-TBK1/IKKε complex inhibiting the activation of IRF3/IRF7.56
TRAF6	A52R	VACV	Inhibits TLR3-induced NF-kB activation by sequestering TRAF6 and IRAK2.57

A list of definitions for the abbreviations appearing in this Table can be found at the beginning of the article.